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      Handbook of Research on Nanoelectronic Sensor Modeling and Applications : 

      Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Sensor Modeling

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          Abstract

          Exceptional optical and electrical characteristics of graphene based materials attract significant interest of the researchers to develop sensing center of surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors by graphene application. On the other hand refractive index calculation of graphene based structures is necessary for SPR sensor analysis. In this chapter first of all a new method for refractive index investigation of some graphene based structures are introduced and then the effect of carrier density variant in the form of conductance gradient on graphene based SPR sensor response is modeled. The molecular properties such as electro-negativity, molecular mass, effective group number and effective outer shell factor of the molecule are engaged. In addition each factor effect in the cumulative carrier variation is explored analytically. The refractive index shift equation based on these factors is defined and related coefficients are proposed. Finally a semi-empirical model for interpretation of changes in SPR curve is suggested and tested for some organic molecules.

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          Most cited references57

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          Control of graphene's properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphane.

          Although graphite is known as one of the most chemically inert materials, we have found that graphene, a single atomic plane of graphite, can react with atomic hydrogen, which transforms this highly conductive zero-overlap semimetal into an insulator. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the obtained graphene derivative (graphane) is crystalline and retains the hexagonal lattice, but its period becomes markedly shorter than that of graphene. The reaction with hydrogen is reversible, so that the original metallic state, the lattice spacing, and even the quantum Hall effect can be restored by annealing. Our work illustrates the concept of graphene as a robust atomic-scale scaffold on the basis of which new two-dimensional crystals with designed electronic and other properties can be created by attaching other atoms and molecules.
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            Highly sensitive graphene biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance.

            A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based graphene biosensor is presented. It consists of a graphene sheet coated above a gold thin film, which has been proposed and experimentally fabricated recently [ChemPhysChem 11, 585 (2010)]. The biosensor uses attenuated total reflection (ATR) method to detect the refractive index change near the sensor surface, which is due to the adsorption of biomolecules. Our calculations show that the proposed graphene-on-gold SPR biosensor (with L graphene layers) is (1 + 0.025 L) x gamma (where gamma > 1) times more sensitive than the conventional gold thin film SPR biosensor. The improved sensitivity is due to increased adsorption of biomolecules on graphene (represented by the factor gamma) and the optical property of graphene.
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              Chemically derived graphene oxide: towards large-area thin-film electronics and optoelectronics.

              Chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large-area thin-film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO-based thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO-based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                2017
                : 361-394
                10.4018/978-1-5225-0736-9.ch014
                4ea7ad6b-6b54-4d07-8910-ab9b9f98b817
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