Slavery was a fundamental feature of Roman society. This chapter considers how critical epigraphy is for the study of Roman slavery. Questions that epigraphy help to answer include modes of enslavement, the identification of slaves and freed slaves, the slave trade, the private life of slaves (family, wealth, religion), their role in business, manufacture, agriculture, and the household, slave resistance, manumission and the position of ex-slaves in Roman society, and imperial slaves and freedmen (the familia Caesaris).