The conclusion summarizes the findings of the book and outlines a new paradigm for research on the cultural practices of Vietnam’s ethnic minorities. It opens with a description of two contrasting approaches to this research. Certain strategies for presenting results in public fora are shown to promote unhelpful stereotypes on these people. The author attempts to bridge the gap between contrasting methodologies and ideologies by promoting constructive dialogue between these groups of scholars within the fields of anthropology, ethnology, and musicology This dialogue is stimulated by identifying and working towards a shared goal: the sustainability of intangible cultural heritage in a rapidly urbanizing society.