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      Research Anthology on School Shootings, Peer Victimization, and Solutions for Building Safer Educational Institutions : 

      School Bullying and Advocacy

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          Abstract

          In this chapter, the phenomenon of bullying is being approached. A phenomenon which is an internationally recognized problem, with multifactorial etiology. As this phenomenon manifests itself in various cruel forms, its functions are particularly aggravating and affect the mental health of children and adolescents during their school life. In order to address this phenomenon, the dire need of advocacy is proposed by the authors. Advocacy is an interdisciplinary field of many different acting individuals, aiming to influence social / educational systems and institutions. Their ultimate objective is to fight against discriminations, stigmatization and social exclusion of any vulnerable persons or groups, with the ultimate aim of promoting equality, social justice, inclusive education and the defending of human rights. In order for us to have an effective modern school and be able to alleviate any potential conflicts, all parties involved – teachers, students, parents and the wider community – ought to advocate safeguarding the rights of all students through a wider culture change.

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          Most cited references59

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          Twenty Years' Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment: A Meta-analytic Review of Cross-sectional Studies

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            Cyberbullying: another main type of bullying?

            Cyberbullying has recently emerged as a new form of bullying and harassment. 360 adolescents (12-20 years), were surveyed to examine the nature and extent of cyberbullying in Swedish schools. Four categories of cyberbullying (by text message, email, phone call and picture/video clip) were examined in relation to age and gender, perceived impact, telling others, and perception of adults becoming aware of such bullying. There was a significant incidence of cyberbullying in lower secondary schools, less in sixth-form colleges. Gender differences were few. The impact of cyberbullying was perceived as highly negative for picture/video clip bullying. Cybervictims most often chose to either tell their friends or no one at all about the cyberbullying, so adults may not be aware of cyberbullying, and (apart from picture/video clip bullying) this is how it was perceived by pupils. Findings are discussed in relation to similarities and differences between cyberbullying and the more traditional forms of bullying.
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              Electronic bullying among middle school students.

              Electronic communications technologies are affording children and adolescents new means of bullying one another. Referred to as electronic bullying, cyberbullying, or online social cruelty, this phenomenon includes bullying through e-mail, instant messaging, in a chat room, on a website, or through digital messages or images sent to a cell phone. The present study examined the prevalence of electronic bullying among middle school students. A total of 3,767 middle school students in grades 6, 7, and 8 who attend six elementary and middle schools in the southeastern and northwestern United States completed a questionnaire, consisting of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire and 23 questions developed for this study that examined participants' experiences with electronic bullying, as both victims and perpetrators. Of the students, 11% that they had been electronically bullied at least once in the last couple of months (victims only); 7% indicated that they were bully/victims; and 4% had electronically bullied someone else at least once in the previous couple of months (bullies only). The most common methods for electronic bullying (as reported by both victims and perpetrators) involved the use of instant messaging, chat rooms, and e-mail. Importantly, close to half of the electronic bully victims reported not knowing the perpetrator's identity. Electronic bullying represents a problem of significant magnitude. As children's use of electronic communications technologies is unlikely to wane in coming years, continued attention to electronic bullying is critical. Implications of these findings for youth, parents, and educators are discussed.
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                Author and book information

                Book Chapter
                2021
                : 1-33
                10.4018/978-1-7998-5360-2.ch001
                9dc523a6-d251-4cad-a5d2-87d1397f960d
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