This chapter discusses the accces to social benefits and social rights for nationals and foreigners in the Slovak Republic. The transformation of the social welfare system in the new republic has been a lengthy process. The current social security system is based on fairness, personal participation and solidarity. The Slovak social security system is not based on nationality and its main part builds on the social insurance system including the health insurance. The direct financial support especially for families with children and the assistance scheme for those in need also represent important parts of the welfare system in Slovakia.