Annual Reviews AI, Machine Learning, and Society

"Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity, gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges... Yet, as AI applications are adopted around the world, their use can raise questions and challenges related to human values, fairness, human determination, privacy, safety and accountability..." OECD, 2019

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) presents both opportunities and challenges to society. As we witness breakthroughs and milestone successes, the integration of AI into our daily routines has changed to way we work, shop, and communicate — from smartphones and car navigation systems to facial recognition and electronic health records.

The AI industry has grown to be valued at $62.35 billion (as of 2020, Grand View Research, 2021) fueled in part by "Industry 4.0" (Forbes, 2018) — the fourth revolution in manufacturing. Although AI and ML have provided opportunities for improved healthcare, safer environments, and better access to information, their increased adoption has also introduced new challenges.

Annual Reviews has curated a new review article collection to explore the impact AI and ML have already had on modern life, and how society might confront related challenges, opportunities, and consequences in the future. In this interdisciplinary collection, our experts discuss four key areas significantly influenced by AI, including:

• Social Implications of Artificial Intelligence
• Law Enforcement and Human Rights
• Medical Applications of Big Data
• Autonomous Systems and Robotics

The AI, Machine Learning, and Society Collection of 23 review articles from 13 Annual Reviews journals is freely available to download and share with colleagues and students.

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