13,215
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    51
    shares

      One-Click Submission System Now Available for SO Preprints, learn more on how this works in our blog post and don't forget to check the video, too!

      scite_
       
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Physical exertion worsens symptoms in patients with post-COVID condition : Post-exertional malaise in patients with post-COVID condition

      Preprint
      In review
      research-article
      Bookmark

            Abstract

            Patients with post-COVID condition suffer from fatigue, limited exercise capacity, and post-exertional malaise. Post-exertional malaise is the worsening of symptoms after physical or mental exertion, which reduces the efficacy of most forms of rehabilitation. This article presents the current understanding in the pathophysiology of post-COVID condition, particularly the underlying causes of post-exertional malaise.

            Content

            Author and article information

            Journal
            ScienceOpen Preprints
            ScienceOpen
            3 November 2023
            Affiliations
            [1 ] Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam;
            [2 ] Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam;
            [3 ] Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, C-support, ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands;
            [4 ] DeSportarts Utrecht, Department of Sports and Lifestyle Medicine, Julius Health Centers, Leidsche Rijn Center, Utrecht;
            [5 ] Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam;
            Author notes
            Author information
            https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-5177
            Article
            10.14293/PR2199.000467.v1
            6ebbad1a-4c23-4323-b20c-e57a346ce9f9

            This work has been published open access under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Conditions, terms of use and publishing policy can be found at www.scienceopen.com .

            History
            : 3 November 2023
            Categories

            Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
            Sports medicine,Immunology,Physiotherapy
            post-exertional malaise,fatigue,post-COVID condition,exercise capacity,rehabilitation

            References

            1. Stussman Barbara, Williams Ashley, Snow Joseph, Gavin Angelique, Scott Remle, Nath Avindra, Walitt Brian. Characterization of Post–exertional Malaise in Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Frontiers in Neurology. Vol. 11:2020. Frontiers Media SA. [Cross Ref]

            2. Chu Lily, Valencia Ian J., Garvert Donn W., Montoya Jose G.. Deconstructing post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/ chronic fatigue syndrome: A patient-centered, cross-sectional survey. PLOS ONE. Vol. 13(6)2018. Public Library of Science (PLoS). [Cross Ref]

            3. Komaroff Anthony L., Lipkin W. Ian. ME/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature. Frontiers in Medicine. Vol. 10:2023. Frontiers Media SA. [Cross Ref]

            4. Nacul Luis, Authier François Jérôme, Scheibenbogen Carmen, Lorusso Lorenzo, Helland Ingrid Bergliot, Martin Jose Alegre, Sirbu Carmen Adella, Mengshoel Anne Marit, Polo Olli, Behrends Uta, Nielsen Henrik, Grabowski Patricia, Sekulic Slobodan, Sepulveda Nuno, Estévez-López Fernando, Zalewski Pawel, Pheby Derek F. H., Castro-Marrero Jesus, Sakkas Giorgos K., Capelli Enrica, Brundsdlund Ivan, Cullinan John, Krumina Angelika, Bergquist Jonas, Murovska Modra, Vermuelen Ruud C. W., Lacerda Eliana M.. European Network on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (EUROMENE): Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision, and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe. Medicina. Vol. 57(5)2021. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            5. Thaweethai Tanayott, Jolley Sarah E., Karlson Elizabeth W., Levitan Emily B., Levy Bruce, McComsey Grace A., McCorkell Lisa, Nadkarni Girish N., Parthasarathy Sairam, Singh Upinder, Walker Tiffany A., Selvaggi Caitlin A., Shinnick Daniel J., Schulte Carolin C. M., Atchley-Challenner Rachel, Horwitz Leora I., Foulkes Andrea S., Aberg Judith A., Adolphi Natalie L., Ahirwar Shreya, Ahmed Shifa, Ahuja Neera, Aikawa Masanori, Akerlundh Almary, Akintonwa Teresa T., Al-Jadiri Aseel, Alekhina Natalya, Algren Heather A., Alshawabkeh Akram N., Ammar Nariman, Anand Adit, Anderson Brett R., Aponte-Soto Lisa, Aschner Judy L., Atha Mary M., Atz Andrew M., Aupperle Robin L., Ayache Mirna, Azziz-Baumgartner Eduardo, Bailey L. C., Baker Fiona C., Balaraman Venkataraman, Bandy Jennifer A., Banerjee Dithi, Barch Deanna M., Bardes James M., Barlocker Jackson, Barr R. G., Baskin-Sommers Arielle, Basu Sanjib, Battaglia Tracy A., Baucom Leah, Beamon Carmen J., Beaty Casey L., Beckmann Noam D., Berry Jasmine A., Bhadelia Nahid, Bhargava Daksh, Bhuiyan Sultana, Bian Jiang, Bime Christian, Bjork James M., Black Lora J., Blish Catherine A., Block Jason P., Bogie Amanda, Bolliger Dawn, Bonaventura William, Bose-Brill Seuli, Bower Mary B., Boyd Andrew D., Boyineni Jerusha, Bradfute Steven B., Bramante Carolyn T., Brannock M. D., Bremner J. D., Brosnahan Shari B., Buchbinder Natalie C., Bueler Elliott, Buhimschi Irina A., Bukulmez Hulya, Bunnell H. T., Buse John B., Calhoun Elizabeth A., Cao Tingyi, Carrithers Michael D., Carton Thomas W., Case Abigail, Casey B.J., Casimero Faye Victoria C., Castro Lauren, Cato Teresa, Ceger Patricia, Cerullo Connie L., Chang Linda, Chang Arunee A., Chebrolu Praneeth, Chen Yong, Chen Li Qing, Chen Benjamin K., Chestek David, Chew Robert F., Chisolm Deena J., Chow Dominic C., Chrisant Maryanne R., Christakis Dimitri A., Chute Christopher G., Cicek Mine S., Clark Cheryl R., Clark Duncan B., Clarke Geoffrey D., Clouser Katharine N., Connors Thomas J., Cook Judith A., Coombs Krista, Cordon-Cardo Carlos, Costello Julie L., Cottrell Lesley, Cowan Kelly, Cowell Lindsay G., Cranford Savannah, Cronin Jamie, Cummins Mollie R., Curry Hannah L., D'Sa Viren, Dabney Sean G., Daniel Casey L., Dapretto Mirella, Darbar Dawood, Darden Paul M., Dasgupta Raktima, Dasgupta Soham, Davis Blakley Felicia, Dea Katherine, Deakyne Davies Sara J., Decker Lauren A., DeFronzo Ralph A., Dehority Walter, Deitchman Amelia N., del Alcazar James, Del Boccio Phoebe, del Rio Carlos, Del Rios Marina, DeLisa Julie A., Deoni Sean C., Diaz Maya Z., Dickinson John D., Dionne Audrey, Diviak Kathleen R., Donohue Sarah E., Downey Michael J., Dozor Allen J., Dreyer Benard P., Dummer Kirsten B., Durstenfeld Matthew S., Dworkin Mark S., Edmonds Sherrie L., Elias Matthew D., Elifritz Jamie, Ellingworth Evan, Elliott Amy J., Ellison Angela M., Enger Mike L., Espinosa Joaquin M., Esquenazi-Karonika Shari, Evans Michael D., Evans Danielle N., Facelli Julio C., Fang Camila S., Faustino E. Vincent S., Fayad Lara Maria E., Feldman Candace H., Fiks Alexander G., Fineman Rebecca, Finn Aloke V., Fischer Melinda S., Fitzgerald Megan L., Flaherman Valerie J., Flotte Thomas J., Forsha Daniel, Fortune Meghan R., Foxe John J., Franks Nicole, Freedman Michael B., Freeland Catherine E., Friedman Naomi P., Fry Greta, Gage Witvliet Margot, Gallagher Emily J., Gallagher Richard, Garavan Hugh, Gaur Sunanda M., Gee Dylan G., Gennaro Maria Laura, Gerald Lynn B., Ghosh Saikat B., Giacino Joseph T., Girvin Andrew T., Godfrey Stephanie L., Goldberg Mark P., Goodman Steven N., Gordon Howard S., Gouripeddi Ramkiran, Graham Paige, Granger Joey P., Gray Kevin M., Greimes Tina, Gross Rachel S., Guthe Nicholas, Gutter Evan, Haasnoot Stephanie, Hadley Emily C., Haendel Melissa A., Hafner Stephanie, Halabi Katia C., Hanley Patrick C., Harahsheh Ashraf S., Harkins Michelle S., Hartwig Kimberly L., Hasbani Keren, Hasek Sharon, Hauser Kristine S., Heath Andrew C., Hebson Camden L., Heitzeg Mary M., Hendrickson Monica, Henrich Timothy J., Hernandez-Romieu Alfonso C., Hester Christina M., Higginbotham Miranda, Hill Sophia, Hirabayashi Kathryn, Ho On, Hobart-Porter Laura, Hoffman M. C., Holtcamp Maryann, Hong Travis K., Horne Benjamin D., Horowitz Carol R., Hsia Daniel S., Hsu Harvey, Hsue Priscilla Y., Huentelman Matthew, Huerta Bryan E., Huling Jared D., Hummel Kathy, Iacono William G., Ibanez Alejandra L., Ibeawuchi Carmel, Irby Katherine, Ismail Nahed, Jacobus Joanna, Jacoby Vanessa L., Jason Leonard A., Javia Vidhi, Jennette Kyle J., Jernigan Terry L., Jiang Sihang, Jing Naimin, Johnny Jace D., Johnson Nadia, Johnson Brandi, Johnson Brandon, Jone Pei-Ni, Judd Suzanne E., Juskowich Joy J., Kabagambe Edmond K., Kaelber David C., Kanjilal Diane G., Kansal Mayank M., Kasmarcak Tyler J., Kaufman Daniel, Kawakami Rika, Kellogg Dean L., Kent Denise A., Kewlani Deepshikha, Khullar Dhruv, Kim Keri S., Kim Arthur Y., Kinser Patricia A., Kleinman Lawrence C., Klerman Elizabeth B., Kluko Matthew J., Knight Stacey, Kobayashi Misaki, Kopp Karla J., Koropsak Michael, Kosut Jessica S., Kraig Ellen, Krausert Amanda, Krieger Ana C., Krishna Hema, Krishnamoorthy Aparna, Krishnan Sankaran S., Lahs James P., Laird Angela R., Laleau Victoria, Lamendola-Essel Michelle F., Landeo-Gutierrez Jeremy, Lang Sean M., Larson Christine L., Lash James P., Lasky-Su Jessica, Laynor Gregory, Lee Simon, Lee Grace M., Lee F. E., Lee Matthew A., Leese Peter J., Lefebvre R. C., Levreault Angelica J., Lewis Kennedy C., Li Lu, Lim Peter Paul C., Lin Janet Y., Lisdahl Krista M., Litvack Matthew B., Liu Xiaokang, Lloyd Jennifer, Logue Jennifer K., Loomba Johanna J., Lorman Vitaly, Lu Yiwen, Ludwig Katelyn R., Lutz Allison M., Mack Jeri, Mahmoud Abeer M., Maier Cheryl L., Malakooti Shahdi K., Malchenko Sergey, Mallett Gail L., Maranga Gabrielle, Martel Megan W., Martin-Herz Susanne P., Martinez-Lage Maria, Maughan Christine, Mauntel-Medici Cammeo, May Heidi T., Mayer Kenneth H., Mazzotti Diego R., McCallum Caitryn M., McCrindle Brian W., McCulloh Russell J., McDonald Dylan, McInnis Stephanie, McMurry Julie A., Mejias Asuncion, Melamed Jonathan, Menchaca Martha, Mendelsohn Alan L., Miele Lucio, Miglis Mitchell G., Milne Cris, Milner Joshua D., Mitchell Roger A., Mittleman Murray A., Mohandas Sindhu, Monteiro Jonathan G., Monzon Vanessa, Moreno David J., Morgan Lerraughn M., Morozyuk Dmitry, Morse Keith E., Moyneur Erick, Mudumbi Praveen C., Müller-Oehring Eva M., Muramatsu Naoko, Musick Hugh, Nagavedu Kshema, Nahin Erica R., Nambiar Anoop M., Natelson Benjamin H., Neale Michael C., Ness-Cochinwala Manette, Newburger Jane W., Newman Lisa T., Nguyen Amber N., Nichols Lauren, Nolan Sheila M., Noland Seth, Novak Richard M., O'Connor George T., O'Keefe John J., Ogbogu Princess U., Oliveira Carlos R., Oster Matthew E., Padera Robert F., Paik Henry H., Pajor Nathan M., Pan Huaqin Helen, Pant Deepti, Partridge Andrew, Patel Payal B., Patel Saaya, Patel Khushboo, Paulus Martin P., Payne Ronald M., Pearman Ann, Peralta-Carcelen Myriam, Perez Nicolas L., Pfaff Emily R., Pillers De-Ann M., Pitsch Chloe E., Pliskin Neil H., Portman Michael A., Postelnicu Radu, Potter Jennifer S., Prabhakar Bellur S., Prahalad Priya, Prasad Bharati, Predki Barbara, Preiss Alexander J., Prendergast Heather M., Quinn Davin K., Quintana Yuri, Rabideau Dustin J., Radosta Jonathan M., Radwell Jeffrey, Raissy Hengameh, Ramchandran Ramaswamy, Randall Isabelle, Rao Suchitra, Rapkiewicz Amy, Rasmussen Sonja A., Razzaghi Hanieh, Rebello Candida J., Rebolledo Paulina A., Reddy Neha V., Reddy Unma M., Reedy Cara, Rehman Jalees, Reichard R. R., Reid Kayleigh M., Reusch Jane E., Rhee Kyung E., Rice Mary B., Rizzo John-Ross R., Roan Nadia R., Robarts Polly, Roberts Timothy R., Rochez Nitza, Rodgers Kathleen E., Rogerson Colin M., Romero Maria E., Rosas Johana M., Rosenzweig Erika B., Rothman Russell L., Rouphael Nadine G., Russell Mark W., Rutherfoord Melissa, Sabati Arash A., Sader Samer B., Salehi Marzieh, Salisbury Amy L., Sampson Barbara A., Sanil Yamuna, Sato Alice I., Saydah Sharon H., Schechter Michael S., Schenck Edward J., Schlepphorst Katherine I., Schuchard Julia, Schuh Tina L., Sculley Jennifer A., Seifert Alan C., Sekar Anisha K., Selvarangan Rangaraj, Seshadri Sudha, Sesso Howard D., Shah Dimpy P., Shakti Divya, Shapiro Nancy L., Sharma Suchetha, Sharma Kumar, Sharma Shubhi, Sharma Kavita, Shaw Gwendolyn, Shemesh Eyal, Shen Yishan, Shenkman Elizabeth, Shiau Stephanie, Siciliano Michelle, Simsir Aylin, Smith Veronica E., Snowden Jessica N., Solomon Isaac H., Spikes Leslie A., Squeglia Lindsay M., Srivastava Shubhika, St. Jean Mary L., Stapleford Kenneth A., Stein Cheryl R., Stevenson Michelle D., Stewart de Ramirez Sarah A., Stiles Lauren E., Stock Aryeh, Stockwell Melissa S., Stone James R., Stratford Jeran, Stürmer Til, Subbian Vignesh, Sun Jun, Suthar Mehul S., Sylvera Ashley, Systrom David M., Szmuszkovicz Jacqueline, Talavera-Barber Maria M., Tantisira Kelan G., Tartt Nancy, Terlinde Tracy, Teufel Ronald J., Thacker Deepika, Thakrar Mansi, Thibodeau Stephen N., Thomas Gelise L., Thomason Moriah E., Tong Jiayi, Torres Robert, Traenkner Jessica, Tragus Robin, Trinity Joel D., Tronieri Jena S., Troxel Andrea B., Truong Jennifer, Truong Dongngan T., Tsevat Joel, Udosen Mmekom M., Unterberger Kristen, Utz Paul J., Vaccarino Viola, Vallejos Brittany B., Vanden Hoek Terry L., Vangeepuram Nita, Varma Jay K., Vernon Suzanne D., Vidal Crystal M., Vivensi Sara, Vohra Adam S., Wagner Laura K., Wang Fei, Warburton David, Warner Megan R., Watkins Rebecca L., Watson Sara E., Webb Ryan, Weeks Ryan M., Weiner Mark G., Werzberger Alan, West Shelby C., Weyer Jordan C., Wheeler Jennifer L., Wilkins Kenneth J., Williams Natasha J., Williams Charles T., Wimberly Erika S., Winter Terra J., Woller Scott C., Wong Rachel, Wood Jeremy P., Wood John C., Wood Marion J. J., Wu Qiong, Xia Yinglin, Xu Jie, Yang Samuel, Yin H. S., Yin Hsiang S., Yoo Yun Jae, Young Chloe E., Young Natalie M., Zang Chengxi, Zempsky William T., Zhang Bingyu, Zhang Yongkang, Zhang Dazheng, Zimmerman Emily, Alba George A., Alicic Radica, Altman Natasha, Anglin Khamal, Argueta Urania, Ashktorab Hassan, Baslet Gaston, Bassett Ingrid V., Bateman Lucinda, Bedi Brahmchetna, Bhattacharyya Shamik, Bind Marie-Abele, Blomkalns Andra L., Bonilla Hector, Bush Patricia A., Castro Mario, Chan James, Charney Alexander W., Chen Peter, Chibnik Lori B., Chu Helen Y., Clifton Rebecca G., Costantine Maged M., Cribbs Sushma K., Davila Nieves Sylvia I., Deeks Steven G., Duven Alexandria, Emery Ivette F., Erdmann Nathan, Erlandson Kristine M., Ernst Kacey C., Farah-Abraham Rachael, Farner Cheryl E., Feuerriegel Elen M., Fleurimont Judes, Fonseca Vivian, Franko Nicholas, Gainer Vivian, Gander Jennifer C., Gardner Edward M., Geng Linda N., Gibson Kelly S., Go Minjoung, Goldman Jason D., Grebe Halle, Greenway Frank L., Habli Mounira, Hafner John, Han Jenny E., Hanson Keith A., Heath James, Hernandez Carla, Hess Rachel, Hodder Sally L., Hoffman Matthew K., Hoover Susan E., Huang Beatrice, Hughes Brenna L., Jagannathan Prasanna, John Janice, Jordan Michael R., Katz Stuart D., Kaufman Elizabeth S., Kelly John D., Kelly Sara W., Kemp Megan M., Kirwan John P., Klein Jonathan D., Knox Kenneth S., Krishnan Jerry A., Kumar Andre, Laiyemo Adeyinka O., Lambert Allison A., Lanca Margaret, Lee-Iannotti Joyce K., Logarbo Brian P., Longo Michele T., Luciano Carlos A., Lutrick Karen, Maley Jason H., Marathe Jai G., Marconi Vincent, Marshall Gailen D., Martin Christopher F., Matusov Yuri, Mehari Alem, Mendez-Figueroa Hector, Mermelstein Robin, Metz Torri D., Morse Richard, Mosier Jarrod, Mouchati Christian, Mullington Janet, Murphy Shawn N., Neuman Robert B., Nikolich Janko Z., Ofotokun Ighovwerha, Ojemakinde Elizabeth, Palatnik Anna, Palomares Kristy, Parimon Tanyalak, Parry Samuel, Patterson Jan E., Patterson Thomas F., Patzer Rachel E., Peluso Michael J., Pemu Priscilla, Pettker Christian M., Plunkett Beth A., Pogreba-Brown Kristen, Poppas Athena, Quigley John G., Reddy Uma, Reece Rebecca, Reeder Harrison, Reeves W. B., Reiman Eric M., Rischard Franz, Rosand Jonathan, Rouse Dwight J., Ruff Adam, Saade George, Sandoval Grecio J., Schlater Shannon M., Shepherd Fitzgerald, Sherif Zaki A., Simhan Hyagriv, Singer Nora G., Skupski Daniel W., Sowles Amber, Sparks Jeffrey A., Sukhera Fatima I., Taylor Barbara S., Teunis Larissa, Thomas Robert J., Thorp John M., Thuluvath Paul, Ticotsky Amberly, Tita Alan T., Tuttle Katherine R., Urdaneta Alfredo E., Valdivieso Daisy, VanWagoner Timothy M., Vasey Andrew, Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica, Wallace Zachary S., Ward Honorine D., Warren David E., Weiner Steven J., Welch Shelley, Whiteheart Sidney W., Wiley Zanthia, Wisnivesky Juan P., Yee Lynn M., Zisis Sokratis. Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. JAMA. Vol. 329(22)2023. American Medical Association (AMA). [Cross Ref]

            6. Müller Sophie Alice, Isaaka Lynda, Mumm Rebekka, Scheidt-Nave Christa, Heldt Katharina, Schuster Angela, Abdulaziz Mohammed, El Bcheraoui Charbel, Hanefeld Johanna, Agweyu Ambrose. Prevalence and risk factors for long COVID and post-COVID-19 condition in Africa: a systematic review. The Lancet Global Health. Vol. 11(11)2023. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            7. Azab Mohammed A., Azzam Ahmed Y., Salem Ahmed E., Reda Ahmed, Hassanein Sherif F., Sabra Mohamed, Gadelmoula Islam S.. Neurological problems in the context of COVID-19 infection in Egypt. A multicenter retrospective analysis. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. Vol. 26:2021. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            8. Crankson Shirley, Pokhrel Subhash, Anokye Nana Kwame. Determinants of COVID-19-Related Length of Hospital Stays and Long COVID in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 19(1)2022. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            9. Dryden Murray, Mudara Caroline, Vika Caroline, Blumberg Lucille, Mayet Natalie, Cohen Cheryl, Tempia Stefano, Parker Arifa, Nel Jeremy, Perumal Rubeshan, Groome Michelle J, Conradie Francesca, Ndjeka Norbert, Sigfrid Louise, Merson Laura, Jassat Waasila. Post-COVID-19 condition 3 months after hospitalisation with SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Global Health. Vol. 10(9)2022. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            10. Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn, Manosan Thamonwan, Surawit Apinya, Ophakas Suphawan, Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun, Pumeiam Sureeporn, Suta Sophida, Pinsawas Bonggochpass, Sookrung Nitat, Saelim Nawannaporn, Mahasongkram Kodchakorn, Prangtaworn Pannathee, Tungtrongchitr Anchalee, Tangjittipokin Watip, Mangmee Suthee, Boonnak Kobporn, Narkdontri Tassanee, Teerawattanapong Nipaporn, Wanitphadeedecha Rungsima, Mayurasakorn Korapat. Immune Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Residual Post-COVID Symptoms. Vaccines. Vol. 11(9)2023. MDPI AG. [Cross Ref]

            11. Ballering Aranka V, van Zon Sander K R, olde Hartman Tim C, Rosmalen Judith G M. Persistence of somatic symptoms after COVID-19 in the Netherlands: an observational cohort study. The Lancet. Vol. 400(10350):452–461. 2022. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            12. Mizrahi Barak, Sudry Tamar, Flaks-Manov Natalie, Yehezkelli Yoav, Kalkstein Nir, Akiva Pinchas, Ekka-Zohar Anat, Ben David Shirley Shapiro, Lerner Uri, Bivas-Benita Maytal, Greenfeld Shira. Long covid outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2023. BMJ. [Cross Ref]

            13. Bonilla Hector, Quach Tom C., Tiwari Anushri, Bonilla Andres E., Miglis Mitchell, Yang Phillip C., Eggert Lauren E., Sharifi Husham, Horomanski Audra, Subramanian Aruna, Smirnoff Liza, Simpson Norah, Halawi Houssan, Sum-ping Oliver, Kalinowski Agnieszka, Patel Zara M., Shafer Robert William, Geng Linda N.. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is common in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC): Results from a post-COVID-19 multidisciplinary clinic. Frontiers in Neurology. Vol. 14:2023. Frontiers Media SA. [Cross Ref]

            14. Davis Hannah E., McCorkell Lisa, Vogel Julia Moore, Topol Eric J.. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology. Vol. 21(3):133–146. 2023. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            15. Phetsouphanh Chansavath, Darley David R., Wilson Daniel B., Howe Annett, Munier C. Mee Ling, Patel Sheila K., Juno Jennifer A., Burrell Louise M., Kent Stephen J., Dore Gregory J., Kelleher Anthony D., Matthews Gail V.. Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature Immunology. Vol. 23(2):210–216. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            16. Galán Miguel, Vigón Lorena, Fuertes Daniel, Murciano-Antón María Aránzazu, Casado-Fernández Guiomar, Domínguez-Mateos Susana, Mateos Elena, Ramos-Martín Fernando, Planelles Vicente, Torres Montserrat, Rodríguez-Mora Sara, López-Huertas María Rosa, Coiras Mayte. Persistent Overactive Cytotoxic Immune Response in a Spanish Cohort of Individuals With Long-COVID: Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers. Frontiers in Immunology. Vol. 13:2022. Frontiers Media SA. [Cross Ref]

            17. Su Yapeng, Yuan Dan, Chen Daniel G., Ng Rachel H., Wang Kai, Choi Jongchan, Li Sarah, Hong Sunga, Zhang Rongyu, Xie Jingyi, Kornilov Sergey A., Scherler Kelsey, Pavlovitch-Bedzyk Ana Jimena, Dong Shen, Lausted Christopher, Lee Inyoul, Fallen Shannon, Dai Chengzhen L., Baloni Priyanka, Smith Brett, Duvvuri Venkata R., Anderson Kristin G., Li Jing, Yang Fan, Duncombe Caroline J., McCulloch Denise J., Rostomily Clifford, Troisch Pamela, Zhou Jing, Mackay Sean, DeGottardi Quinn, May Damon H., Taniguchi Ruth, Gittelman Rachel M., Klinger Mark, Snyder Thomas M., Roper Ryan, Wojciechowska Gladys, Murray Kim, Edmark Rick, Evans Simon, Jones Lesley, Zhou Yong, Rowen Lee, Liu Rachel, Chour William, Algren Heather A., Berrington William R., Wallick Julie A., Cochran Rebecca A., Micikas Mary E., Wrin Terri, Petropoulos Christos J., Cole Hunter R., Fischer Trevan D., Wei Wei, Hoon Dave S.B., Price Nathan D., Subramanian Naeha, Hill Joshua A., Hadlock Jennifer, Magis Andrew T., Ribas Antoni, Lanier Lewis L., Boyd Scott D., Bluestone Jeffrey A., Chu Helen, Hood Leroy, Gottardo Raphael, Greenberg Philip D., Davis Mark M., Goldman Jason D., Heath James R.. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell. Vol. 185(5)2022. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            18. Wang Eric Y., Mao Tianyang, Klein Jon, Dai Yile, Huck John D., Jaycox Jillian R., Liu Feimei, Zhou Ting, Israelow Benjamin, Wong Patrick, Coppi Andreas, Lucas Carolina, Silva Julio, Oh Ji Eun, Song Eric, Perotti Emily S., Zheng Neil S., Fischer Suzanne, Campbell Melissa, Fournier John B., Wyllie Anne L., Vogels Chantal B. F., Ott Isabel M., Kalinich Chaney C., Petrone Mary E., Watkins Anne E., Obaid Abeer, Moore Adam J., Casanovas-Massana Arnau, Lu-Culligan Alice, Nelson Allison, Nunez Angela, Martin Anjelica, Geng Bertie, Odio Camila D., Harden Christina A., Todeasa Codruta, Jensen Cole, Kim Daniel, McDonald David, Shepard Denise, Courchaine Edward, White Elizabeth B., Silva Erin, Kudo Eriko, DeIuliis Giuseppe, Rahming Harold, Park Hong-Jai, Matos Irene, Nouws Jessica, Valdez Jordan, Lim Joseph, Rose Kadi-Ann, Anastasio Kelly, Brower Kristina, Glick Laura, Sharma Lokesh, Sewanan Lorenzo, Knaggs Lynda, Minasyan Maksym, Batsu Maria, Kuang Maxine, Nakahata Maura, Linehan Melissa, Askenase Michael H., Simonov Michael, Smolgovsky Mikhail, Sonnert Nicole, Naushad Nida, Vijayakumar Pavithra, Martinello Rick, Datta Rupak, Handoko Ryan, Bermejo Santos, Prophet Sarah, Bickerton Sean, Velazquez Sofia, Rice Tyler, Khoury-Hanold William, Peng Xiaohua, Yang Yexin, Cao Yiyun, Strong Yvette, Dela Cruz Charles, Farhadian Shelli F., Schulz Wade L., Ma Shuangge, Grubaugh Nathan D., Ko Albert I., Iwasaki Akiko, Ring Aaron M.. Diverse functional autoantibodies in patients with COVID-19. Nature. Vol. 595(7866):283–288. 2021. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            19. Davis Hannah E., McCorkell Lisa, Vogel Julia Moore, Topol Eric J.. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology. Vol. 21(3):133–146. 2023. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            20. Kruger Arneaux, Vlok Mare, Turner Simone, Venter Chantelle, Laubscher Gert Jacobus, Kell Douglas B., Pretorius Etheresia. Proteomics of fibrin amyloid microclots in long COVID/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) shows many entrapped pro-inflammatory molecules that may also contribute to a failed fibrinolytic system. Cardiovascular Diabetology. Vol. 21(1)2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            21. Grobbelaar Lize M., Venter Chantelle, Vlok Mare, Ngoepe Malebogo, Laubscher Gert Jacobus, Lourens Petrus Johannes, Steenkamp Janami, Kell Douglas B., Pretorius Etheresia. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 induces fibrin(ogen) resistant to fibrinolysis: implications for microclot formation in COVID-19. Bioscience Reports. Vol. 41(8)2021. Portland Press Ltd. [Cross Ref]

            22. Kell Douglas B., Laubscher Gert Jacobus, Pretorius Etheresia. A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications. Biochemical Journal. Vol. 479(4):537–559. 2022. Portland Press Ltd. [Cross Ref]

            23. Scheffer Débora da Luz, Latini Alexandra. Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. Vol. 1866(10)2020. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            24. Lecker Stewart H., Goldberg Alfred L., Mitch William E.. Protein Degradation by the Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway in Normal and Disease States. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Vol. 17(7):1807–1819. 2006. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). [Cross Ref]

            25. Cohen Shenhav, Nathan James A., Goldberg Alfred L.. Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. Vol. 14(1):58–74. 2015. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            26. Chen Benjamin, Julg Boris, Mohandas Sindhu, Bradfute Steven B. Viral persistence, reactivation, and mechanisms of long COVID. eLife. Vol. 12:2023. eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. [Cross Ref]

            27. Singh Inderjit, Joseph Phillip, Heerdt Paul M., Cullinan Marjorie, Lutchmansingh Denyse D., Gulati Mridu, Possick Jennifer D., Systrom David M., Waxman Aaron B.. Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19. Chest. Vol. 161(1):54–63. 2022. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            28. Schwendinger Fabian, Knaier Raphael, Radtke Thomas, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno. Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness Post-COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine. Vol. 53(1):51–74. 2023. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            29. Hejbøl Eva K., Harbo Thomas, Agergaard Jane, Madsen Line B., Pedersen Thomas H., Østergaard Lars J., Andersen Henning, Schrøder Henrik D., Tankisi Hatice. Myopathy as a cause of fatigue in long‐term <scp>post‐COVID</scp>‐19 symptoms: Evidence of skeletal muscle histopathology. European Journal of Neurology. Vol. 29(9):2832–2841. 2022. Wiley. [Cross Ref]

            30. Gorog Diana A., Storey Robert F., Gurbel Paul A., Tantry Udaya S., Berger Jeffrey S., Chan Mark Y., Duerschmied Daniel, Smyth Susan S., Parker William A. E., Ajjan Ramzi A., Vilahur Gemma, Badimon Lina, Berg Jurrien M. ten, Cate Hugo ten, Peyvandi Flora, Wang Taia T., Becker Richard C.. Current and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium. Nature Reviews Cardiology. Vol. 19(7):475–495. 2022. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. [Cross Ref]

            31. Frésard Isabelle, Genecand Léon, Altarelli Marco, Gex Grégoire, Vremaroiu Petrut, Vremaroiu-Coman Andreea, Lawi David, Bridevaux Pierre-Olivier. Dysfunctional breathing diagnosed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in ‘long COVID’ patients with persistent dyspnoea. BMJ Open Respiratory Research. Vol. 9(1)2022. BMJ. [Cross Ref]

            32. Singh Inderjit, Joseph Phillip, Heerdt Paul M., Cullinan Marjorie, Lutchmansingh Denyse D., Gulati Mridu, Possick Jennifer D., Systrom David M., Waxman Aaron B.. Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19. Chest. Vol. 161(1):54–63. 2022. Elsevier BV. [Cross Ref]

            Comments

            Comment on this article