Review of '<b>How Blockchain Network Factors and Market Forces Determine Bitcoin Returns</b>'

The creation of distributed ledgers technologies for information storage spiral secured peer-to-peer interactions which allow for the invention of Bitcoin. Since its invention the price of bitcoin has exhibited excessive volatility, which have attracted undulated attentions. The study considers the isolated influence of network activities, mining (technology) and market information as fundamentals drivers of bitcoin prices. A long-term equilibrium and short-term dynamic is confirmed amongst endogenous system variables in the VECM. This supposes that any deviation from the equilibrium dynamics due to perturbations of market forces (total bitcoin supply and trade volume on exchanges), mining Information (network difficulty, Hashrate, and total transaction fees and network activity (confirmed payments and users adoptions) would be minimized. The model indicates that the cointegration relationship has a reverse adjustment effect on bitcoin return. This explains the why the price, and by implication the return experience different massive run-up, spiky protrusions, resistance, reversals, strong supports and consolidations in the short