Anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms

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Abstract

Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in serum and CSF from 16 COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms were assessed using two independent methods. IgG specific for the virus spike protein was found in 81% of cases in serum and in 56% in CSF. SARS-CoV-2 IgG in CSF was observed in two cases with negative serology. Levels of IgG in both serum and CSF were associated with disease severity (p<0.05). All patients with elevated markers of CNS damage in CSF also had CSF antibodies (p=0.002), and CSF antibodies had the highest predictive value for neuronal damage markers of all tested clinical variables.

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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

Daniel Wrapp, Nianshuang Wang, Kizzmekia S. Corbett … (2020)

Structure of the nCoV trimeric spike The World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) to be a public health emergency of international concern. The virus binds to host cells through its trimeric spike glycoprotein, making this protein a key target for potential therapies and diagnostics. Wrapp et al. determined a 3.5-angstrom-resolution structure of the 2019-nCoV trimeric spike protein by cryo–electron microscopy. Using biophysical assays, the authors show that this protein binds at least 10 times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–CoV to their common host cell receptor. They also tested three antibodies known to bind to the SARS-CoV spike protein but did not detect binding to the 2019-nCoV spike protein. These studies provide valuable information to guide the development of medical counter-measures for 2019-nCoV. Science, this issue p. 1260

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A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2

Takeshi Moriguchi, Norikazu Harii, Junko Goto … (2020)

Highlights • Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. • This is the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance. • The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF. • This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms.

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Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system

Costantino Iadecola, Josef Anrather, Hooman Kamel (2020)

Summary Neurological complications have emerged as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Beside respiratory insufficiency, many hospitalized patients exhibit neurological manifestations, ranging from headache and loss of smell, to confusion and disabling strokes. COVID-19 is also anticipated to take a toll on the nervous system in the long term. Here we will provide a critical appraisal of the potential for neurotropism and mechanisms of neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as they relate to the acute and chronic neurological consequences of the infection. Finally, we will examine potential avenues for future research and therapeutic development.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Infect Dis

Journal ID (publisher-id): jid

Title: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Publisher: Oxford University Press (US )

ISSN (Print): 0022-1899

ISSN (Electronic): 1537-6613

Publication date (Electronic): 21 March 2021

Electronic Location Identifier: jiab153

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[2 ] Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[3 ] Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology at Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala, Sweden

[4 ] Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[5 ] Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm, Sweden

[6 ] Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[7 ] Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[8 ] Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg , Mölndal, Sweden

[9 ] Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Mölndal, Sweden

[10 ] Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square , London, United Kingdom

[11 ] Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[12 ] Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden

[13 ] Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm, Sweden

Author notes

Corresponding author: Elham Rostami MD, PhD, Consultant neurosurgeon, Associate Professor in Neurosurgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Sweden, +46 739997977, Elham.rostami@ 123456neuro.uu.se

JLC and JV Contributed equally to this work

Author information

Henrik Zetterberg https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-4354

Elham Rostami https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-6247

Article

Publisher ID: jiab153

DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab153

PMC ID: 8083780

PubMed ID: 33744954

SO-VID: 00fe0864-d2fa-4b38-b42d-2f11f8e00ac2

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com