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      Metagonia esquincacanoi sp. nov.: el primer registro fósil de la familia Pholcidae (Arachnida: Araneae) en el ámbar de Chiapas, México Translated title: Metagonia esquincacanoi sp. nov.: the first fossil record of the family Pholcidae (Arachnida: Araneae) in Chiapas amber, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen En busca de contribuir al conocimiento de la araneofauna fósil de México, se incluye por primera vez en el registro fósil del ámbar mexicano a la familia de arañas Pholcidae, a través de la descripción de Metagonia esquincacanoi sp. nov., hallado en una pieza de ámbar proveniente del municipio de Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas. La nueva especie es descrita a través de un único ejemplar, macho adulto, perfectamente bien preservado en la resina fosilizada. Este es el registro más antiguo de Metagonia y la edad geológica del género se extiende en 22.8 Ma, en el Mioceno Temprano.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract To contribute to the knowledge of the fossil spiderfauna from Mexican amber, the spider family Pholcidae is included, for the first time, through the description of Metagonia esquincacanoi sp. nov., found in a piece of amber from the municipality of Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico. The new species is described through a single specimen, an adult male, perfectly well preserved in the fossilized resin. This is the oldest recorded fossil of Metagonia and it extends the known geological range of the genus in 22.8 My, in the Early Miocene.

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          NEW WORLD PHOLCID SPIDERS (ARANEAE: PHOLCIDAE): A REVISION AT GENERIC LEVEL

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            Hymenaea mexicana sp. nov. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from Mexican amber indicates Old World connections

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              Microhabitat change drives diversification in pholcid spiders

              Background Microhabitat changes are thought to be among the main drivers of diversification. However, this conclusion is mostly based on studies on vertebrates. Here, we investigate the influence of microhabitat on diversification rates in pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). Diversification analyses were conducted in the framework of the largest molecular phylogeny of pholcid spiders to date based on three nuclear and three mitochondrial loci from 600 species representing more than 85% of the currently described pholcid genera. Results Assessments of ancestral microhabitat revealed frequent evolutionary change. In particular, within the largest subfamily Pholcinae, numerous changes from near-ground habitats towards leaves and back were found. In general, taxa occupying leaves and large sheltered spaces had higher diversification rates than ground-dwelling taxa. Shifts in speciation rate were found in leaf- and space-dwelling taxa. Conclusions Our analyses result in one of the most comprehensive phylogenies available for a major spider family and provide a framework for any subsequent studies of pholcid spider biology. Diversification analyses strongly suggest that microhabitat is an important factor influencing diversification patterns in pholcid spiders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1244-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México, DF, Mexico )
                1870-3453
                2007-8706
                2019
                : 90
                : e902927
                Affiliations
                [1] Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas orgnameSecretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural orgdiv1Subsecretaría de Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sustentable orgdiv2Dirección de Paleontología México
                Article
                S1870-34532019000101228 S1870-3453(19)09000001228
                10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2927
                13558240-21e3-4434-ac33-1a8afce291e2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 June 2019
                : 29 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Taxonomía y sistemática

                Pholcids,New species,Mesoamerica,Miocene-Aquitatian,Pholcinae,Fólsidos,Nueva especie,Mesoamérica,Mioceno-Aquitaniano

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