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      Asthma and allergic diseases are not risk factors for hospitalization in children with COVID-19

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      Author(s): 1 , ∗ , 2 , 3 , 1 , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
      Publisher: American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc.
      Keywords: asthma, atopic dermatitis, COVID, infections, pediatrics, rhinitis, Sars-CoV, ACE-2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, AD, Atopic dermatitis, AR, Allergic rhinitis, CDC, The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CT, computed tomography, DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, FEF25–75, forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of the vital capacity, FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second, FVC, forced vital capacity, IL-13, interleukin-13, ICU, intensive care unit, ISAAC, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, PEF, peak expiratory flow, PFT, pulmonary function testing, sIgE, specific immunoglobulin E, SPT, skin prick testing

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          Abstract

          Background

          COVID-19 emerged as a pandemic toward the end of 2019, causing large numbers of people to become infected and die.

          Objective

          To determine whether allergic diseases are a risk factor for hospitalization in COVID-19.

          Methods

          We conducted a study including 107 pediatric patients after COVID-19 recovery. ISAAC Phase 3 questionnaires were distributed together with a detailed history of environmental factors and an allergic evaluation including skin prick tests, specific IgE tests, and spirometry. We investigated the prevalence of allergic diseases and evaluated the factors associated with hospitalization in COVID-19.

          Results

          Sixty-one (57%) patients were hospitalized and 46 (43%) patients were followed closely in the outpatient clinic. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR ), recurrent wheezing, atopic dermatitis (AD), and asthma was 10.3%, 5.5%, 4.7%, and 3.7%, respectively, within the whole study population. While having asthma ± AR, AD, and passive tobacco exposure were not found to be related to hospitalization due to COVID-19, having a pet at home was found to be decreased risk of hospitalization (OR: 0.191, 95% CI: 0.047-0.779, p = 0.021). Spirometry tests revealed a higher FEV1/FVC ratio and a PEF reversibility in hospitalized patients compared to nonhospitalized ones (p = 0.023 and p = 0.003, respectively).

          Conclusion

          Asthma and allergic diseases do not appear to be risk factors for hospitalization due to COVID-19 in children, and having a pet at home can be a protective effect. Pulmonary function testing seems to be important for monitoring lung damage following COVID-19.

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          Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area

          Safiya Richardson, Jamie Hirsch, Mangala Narasimhan … (2020)
          There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of US patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
          Article 0 comments Cited 4645 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Is Open Access

            The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

            Alexander E. Gorbalenya, Susan C. Baker, Ralph Baric … (2020)
            The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in only two decades that has resulted in a major epidemic. The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the classification of viruses and taxon nomenclature of the family Coronaviridae, has assessed the placement of the human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within the Coronaviridae. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the prototype human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. In order to facilitate communication, the CSG proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date. While the full spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined, the independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying viruses at the species level to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediate significance. This will improve our understanding of virus–host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.
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              Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan

              Xiaochen Li, Shuyun Xu, Muqing Yu … (2020)
              Background In December 2019, COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Wuhan. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 are limited. Objective The severity on admission, complications, treatment, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were evaluated. Methods Patients with COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 26, 2020 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and followed-up until March 3, 2020. Potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 were analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic model. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for survival analysis in severe patients. Results We identified 269 (49.1%) of 548 patients as severe cases on admission. Elder age, underlying hypertension, high cytokine levels (IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-a), and high LDH level were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 on admission. The prevalence of asthma in COVID-19 patients was 0.9%, markedly lower than that in the adult population of Wuhan. The estimated mortality was 1.1% in nonsevere patients and 32.5% in severe cases during the average 32 days of follow-up period. Survival analysis revealed that male, elder age, leukocytosis, high LDH level, cardiac injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use were associated with death in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with elder age, hypertension, and high LDH level need careful observation and early intervention to prevent the potential development of severe COVID-19. Severe male patients with heart injury, hyperglycemia, and high-dose corticosteroid use may have high risk of death.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
                Title: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
                Publisher: American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                ISSN (Print): 1081-1206
                ISSN (Electronic): 1534-4436
                Publication date PMC-release: 23 January 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 January 2021
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
                [2 ]Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
                [3 ]Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author: Burcin Beken, MD, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Tel: +90-5057213496 Fax: +90-2124041500
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1081-1206(21)00053-3
                DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.01.018
                PMC ID: 7825986
                PubMed ID: 33493639
                SO-VID: 2835c06b-441d-4205-a534-97ff4901d37a
                Copyright © © 2021 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 17 November 2020
                Date revision received : 2 January 2021
                Date accepted : 19 January 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: asthma,atopic dermatitis,covid,infections,pediatrics,rhinitis,sars-cov,ace-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2,ad, atopic dermatitis,ar, allergic rhinitis,cdc, the us centers for disease control and prevention,ct, computed tomography,dlco, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide,fef25–75, forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of the vital capacity,fev1, forced expiratory volume in the first second,fvc, forced vital capacity,il-13, interleukin-13,icu, intensive care unit,isaac, international study of asthma and allergies in childhood,pef, peak expiratory flow,pft, pulmonary function testing,sige, specific immunoglobulin e,spt, skin prick testing
                Data availability:
                Keywords: asthma, atopic dermatitis, covid, infections, pediatrics, rhinitis, sars-cov, ace-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, ad, atopic dermatitis, ar, allergic rhinitis, cdc, the us centers for disease control and prevention, ct, computed tomography, dlco, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, fef25–75, forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of the vital capacity, fev1, forced expiratory volume in the first second, fvc, forced vital capacity, il-13, interleukin-13, icu, intensive care unit, isaac, international study of asthma and allergies in childhood, pef, peak expiratory flow, pft, pulmonary function testing, sige, specific immunoglobulin e, spt, skin prick testing

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