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      A Practical Guide to Measuring Ex vivo Joint Mobility Using XROMM

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Integrative Organismal Biology
      Publisher: Oxford University Press

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          Synopsis

          X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM), though traditionally used for studies of in vivo skeletal kinematics, can also be used to precisely and accurately measure ex vivo range of motion from cadaveric manipulations. The workflow for these studies is holistically similar to the in vivo XROMM workflow but presents several unique challenges. This paper aims to serve as a practical guide by walking through each step of the ex vivo XROMM process: how to acquire and prepare cadaveric specimens, how to manipulate specimens to collect X-ray data, and how to use these data to compute joint rotational mobility. Along the way, it offers recommendations for best practices and for avoiding common pitfalls to ensure a successful study.

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          ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion--Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand.

          Xuguang Wang, , C Anglin … (2005)
          In this communication, the Standardization and Terminology Committee (STC) of the International Society of Biomechanics proposes a definition of a joint coordinate system (JCS) for the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand. For each joint, a standard for the local axis system in each articulating segment or bone is generated. These axes then standardize the JCS. The STC is publishing these recommendations so as to encourage their use, to stimulate feedback and discussion, and to facilitate further revisions. Adopting these standards will lead to better communication among researchers and clinicians.
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            A joint coordinate system for the clinical description of three-dimensional motions: application to the knee.

            W J Suntay, E Grood (1983)
            The experimental study of joint kinematics in three dimensions requires the description and measurement of six motion components. An important aspect of any method of description is the ease with which it is communicated to those who use the data. This paper presents a joint coordinate system that provides a simple geometric description of the three-dimensional rotational and translational motion between two rigid bodies. The coordinate system is applied to the knee and related to the commonly used clinical terms for knee joint motion. A convenient characteristic of the coordinate system shared by spatial linkages is that large joint displacements are independent of the order in which the component translations and rotations occur.
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              Validation of XMALab software for marker-based XROMM.

              Benjamin J Knörlein, David B. Baier, Stephen M Gatesy … (2016)
              Marker-based XROMM requires software tools for: (1) correcting fluoroscope distortion; (2) calibrating X-ray cameras; (3) tracking radio-opaque markers; and (4) calculating rigid body motion. In this paper we describe and validate XMALab, a new open-source software package for marker-based XROMM (C++ source and compiled versions on Bitbucket). Most marker-based XROMM studies to date have used XrayProject in MATLAB. XrayProject can produce results with excellent accuracy and precision, but it is somewhat cumbersome to use and requires a MATLAB license. We have designed XMALab to accelerate the XROMM process and to make it more accessible to new users. Features include the four XROMM steps (listed above) in one cohesive user interface, real-time plot windows for detecting errors, and integration with an online data management system, XMAPortal. Accuracy and precision of XMALab when tracking markers in a machined object are ±0.010 and ±0.043 mm, respectively. Mean precision for nine users tracking markers in a tutorial dataset of minipig feeding was ±0.062 mm in XMALab and ±0.14 mm in XrayProject. Reproducibility of 3D point locations across nine users was 10-fold greater in XMALab than in XrayProject, and six degree-of-freedom bone motions calculated with a joint coordinate system were 3- to 6-fold more reproducible in XMALab. XMALab is also suitable for tracking white or black markers in standard light videos with optional checkerboard calibration. We expect XMALab to increase both the quality and quantity of animal motion data available for comparative biomechanics research.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Integr Org Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Integr Org Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): iob
                Title: Integrative Organismal Biology
                Publisher: Oxford University Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 2517-4843
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 12 November 2020
                Volume: 2
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: obaa041
                Affiliations
                Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912, USA
                Author notes
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-7942
                Article
                Publisher ID: obaa041
                DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa041
                PMC ID: 7810577
                PubMed ID: 33791578
                SO-VID: 321962ae-071f-4efe-8a95-1eb2ad6b8d7b
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid of Research;
                Categories
                Subject: Best Practices
                Subject: AcademicSubjects/SCI00960

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