A meta-analysis of global fungal distribution reveals climate-driven patterns

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Abstract

The evolutionary and environmental factors that shape fungal biogeography are incompletely understood. Here, we assemble a large dataset consisting of previously generated mycobiome data linked to specific geographical locations across the world. We use this dataset to describe the distribution of fungal taxa and to look for correlations with different environmental factors such as climate, soil and vegetation variables. Our meta-study identifies climate as an important driver of different aspects of fungal biogeography, including the global distribution of common fungi as well as the composition and diversity of fungal communities. In our analysis, fungal diversity is concentrated at high latitudes, in contrast with the opposite pattern previously shown for plants and other organisms. Mycorrhizal fungi appear to have narrower climatic tolerances than pathogenic fungi. We speculate that climate change could affect ecosystem functioning because of the narrow climatic tolerances of key fungal taxa.

Abstract

The authors assemble and analyse previously generated mycobiome data linked to geographical locations across the world. They describe the distribution of fungal taxa and show that climate is an important driver of fungal biogeography and that fungal diversity appears to be concentrated at high latitudes.

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Most cited references 27

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A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil

Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Angela M. Oliverio, Tess E Brewer … (2018)

The immense diversity of soil bacterial communities has stymied efforts to characterize individual taxa and document their global distributions. We analyzed soils from 237 locations across six continents and found that only 2% of bacterial phylotypes (~500 phylotypes) consistently accounted for almost half of the soil bacterial communities worldwide. Despite the overwhelming diversity of bacterial communities, relatively few bacterial taxa are abundant in soils globally. We clustered these dominant taxa into ecological groups to build the first global atlas of soil bacterial taxa. Our study narrows down the immense number of bacterial taxa to a "most wanted" list that will be fruitful targets for genomic and cultivation-based efforts aimed at improving our understanding of soil microbes and their contributions to ecosystem functioning.

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Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome

Sofia K. Forslund, Pål Axel Olsson, Sunil Mundra … (2018)

Soils harbour some of the most diverse microbiomes on Earth and are essential for both nutrient cycling and carbon storage. To understand soil functioning, it is necessary to model the global distribution patterns and functional gene repertoires of soil microorganisms, as well as the biotic and environmental associations between the diversity and structure of both bacterial and fungal soil communities1-4. Here we show, by leveraging metagenomics and metabarcoding of global topsoil samples (189 sites, 7,560 subsamples), that bacterial, but not fungal, genetic diversity is highest in temperate habitats and that microbial gene composition varies more strongly with environmental variables than with geographic distance. We demonstrate that fungi and bacteria show global niche differentiation that is associated with contrasting diversity responses to precipitation and soil pH. Furthermore, we provide evidence for strong bacterial-fungal antagonism, inferred from antibiotic-resistance genes, in topsoil and ocean habitats, indicating the substantial role of biotic interactions in shaping microbial communities. Our results suggest that both competition and environmental filtering affect the abundance, composition and encoded gene functions of bacterial and fungal communities, indicating that the relative contributions of these microorganisms to global nutrient cycling varies spatially.

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Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity.

Holger Kreft, Walter Jetz (2007)

Plants, with an estimated 300,000 species, provide crucial primary production and ecosystem structure. To date, our quantitative understanding of diversity gradients of megadiverse clades such as plants has been hampered by the paucity of distribution data. Here, we investigate the global-scale species-richness pattern of vascular plants and examine its environmental and potential historical determinants. Across 1,032 geographic regions worldwide, potential evapotranspiration, the number of wet days per year, and measurements of topographical and habitat heterogeneity emerge as core predictors of species richness. After accounting for environmental effects, the residual differences across the major floristic kingdoms are minor, with the exception of the uniquely diverse Cape Region, highlighting the important role of historical contingencies. Notably, the South African Cape region contains more than twice as many species as expected by the global environmental model, confirming its uniquely evolved flora. A combined multipredictor model explains approximately 70% of the global variation in species richness and fully accounts for the enigmatic latitudinal gradient in species richness. The models illustrate the geographic interplay of different environmental predictors of species richness. Our findings highlight that different hypotheses about the causes of diversity gradients are not mutually exclusive, but likely act synergistically with water-energy dynamics playing a dominant role. The presented geostatistical approach is likely to prove instrumental for identifying richness patterns of the many other taxa without single-species distribution data that still escape our understanding.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Petr Baldrian:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8983-2721

baldrian@biomed.cas.cz

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun

Title: Nature Communications

Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723

Publication date (Electronic): 13 November 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 13 November 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 5142

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0555 4846, GRID grid.418800.5, Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, , Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, ; Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 116X, GRID grid.4491.8, Faculty of Science, , Charles University, ; Albertov 6, 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2035 1455, GRID grid.424923.a, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, ; Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2238 631X, GRID grid.15866.3c, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, ; Kamýcká 129, 16521 Praha 6, Czech Republic

[5 ]Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences, Jilská 1, 11000 Praha 1, Czech Republic

[6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0674 042X, GRID grid.5254.6, Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, , University of Copenhagen, ; DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[7 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2288 9830, GRID grid.17091.3e, Biodiversity Research Centre, , University of British Columbia, ; 2212 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada

[8 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7312, GRID grid.34421.30, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, , Iowa State University, ; 1201 Sukup Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA

[9 ]ISNI 0000000419368956, GRID grid.168010.e, Department of Biology, , Stanford University, ; Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[10 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0572 7110, GRID grid.249878.8, Gladstone Institutes, ; San Francisco, CA 94158 USA

Author information

Martin Kopecký http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1018-9316

Clémentine Lepinay http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-1550

Daniel Morais http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3328-7848

Iñaki Odriozola http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-7935

Kabir Gabriel Peay http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-7412

Petr Baldrian http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8983-2721

Article

Publisher ID: 13164

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13164-8

PMC ID: 6853883

PubMed ID: 31723140

SO-VID: 5d068d75-b5b1-4e18-883a-2603ea86e9be

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 23 August 2018

Date accepted : 23 October 2019

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: biodiversity,climate-change ecology,microbial ecology,fungal ecology

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

Keywords: biodiversity, climate-change ecology, microbial ecology, fungal ecology

A meta-analysis of global fungal distribution reveals climate-driven patterns

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Climate Change: Open Access

Most cited references 27

A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil

Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome

Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity.

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