A Survey on the Use of Antibiotics among the Dentists of Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Abstract

Introduction

Dental infections are multimicrobial in origin with their etiological factors involving a combination of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Thus, antibiotics and analgesics account for a great majority of medicines prescribed by the dental surgeons. Inappropriate prescription of antibiotics by health care professionals has become a worldwide issue nowadays.

Aim

The purpose of the present study was to:

• Determine the pattern of antibiotic prescription among dentists of Kolkata.

• Assess the attitude of dentists toward antibiotic resistance.

Materials and methods

An electronic version of the questionnaire of cross-sectional survey regarding antibiotic use and attitude toward growing antibiotic resistance was constructed using Qualtrics (Qualtrics Pvt. Limited Provo, Utah), an internet online survey tool that was e-mailed to dental surgeons of Kolkata registered with Indian Dental Association (IDA), West Bengal. A reminder e-mail was given after 1 month to recollect the responses from them.

Results

The survey was e-mailed to 300 dental surgeons, out of which 115 dental surgeons completed the survey, thereby achieving a response rate of 38.33%. Majority of the respondents (60%) chose amoxicillin in nonallergic patients. Average minimum duration of antibiotic therapy was 5 days. The drug of first choice for patients with an allergy to penicillin was erythromycin. The prime determinant of antibiotic use was facial swelling (68%). The prime determinant to select a particular brand of antibiotics was affordability of that brand (61%). Almost all (99%) dental surgeons were aware of antibiotic resistance being a growing concern. As per their views, there was overprescription of antibiotics.

How to cite this article: Kaul R, Angrish P, Jain P, Saha S, Sengupta AV, Mukherjee S. A Survey on the Use of Antibiotics among the Dentists of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(2):122-127.

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Most cited references 18

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Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Samuel Coenen, Herman Goossens … (2007)

Resistance to antibiotics is a major public-health problem, and studies that link antibiotic use and resistance have shown an association but not a causal effect. We used the macrolides azithromycin and clarithromycin to investigate the direct effect of antibiotic exposure on resistance in the oral streptococcal flora of healthy volunteers. Volunteers were treated with azithromycin (n=74), clarithromycin (74), or placebo (76) in a randomised, double-blind trial. Pharyngeal swabs were obtained before and after administration of study treatment through 180 days. The proportion of streptococci that were macrolide resistant was assessed and the molecular basis of any change in resistance investigated. Analyses were done on an intent-to-treat basis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00354952. The number of dropouts (n=20) was much the same in all groups until day 42; dropouts increased substantially at day 180 (105). Both macrolides significantly increased the proportion of macrolide-resistant streptococci compared with the placebo at all points studied, peaking at day 8 in the clarithromycin group (mean increase 50.0%, 95% CI 41.7-58.2; p<0.0001) and at day 4 in the azithromycin group (53.4%, 43.4-63.5; p<0.0001). The proportion of macrolide-resistant streptococci was higher after azithromycin treatment than after clarithromycin use, with the largest difference between the two groups at day 28 (17.4% difference, 9.2-25.6; p<0.0001). Use of clarithromycin, but not of azithromycin, selected for the erm(B) gene, which confers high-level macrolide resistance. This study shows that, notwithstanding the different outcomes of resistance selection, macrolide use is the single most important driver of the emergence of macrolide resistance in vivo. Physicians prescribing antibiotics should take into account the striking ecological side-effects of such antibiotics.

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Why we must reduce dental prescription of antibiotics: European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day.

Cara Lewis (2008)

The prescription of antibiotics in dentistry is relatively small but nonetheless significant. With the emergence of bacterial species resistant to antibiotics there is a need to become vigilant about their prescription and with this, an urgent requirement for both professional and public understanding of the appropriate use of this life-saving component of treatment.

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Current trends in endodontic practice: emergency treatments and technological armamentarium.

Michelle K Lee, Johnathon Winkler, Gary Hartwell … (2009)

The current clinical practice of endodontics includes the utilization of a variety of new technological advances and materials. The last comprehensive survey that compared treatment modalities used in endodontic practices was conducted in 1990. The purpose of the current survey was to determine the frequency with which these new endodontic technologies and materials are being used in endodontic practices today. An e-mail questionnaire was sent to the 636 active diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics with current e-mail addresses. Two hundred thirty-two diplomates responded for a response rate of 35%. Calcium hydroxide was found to be the most frequently used intracanal medicament for all cases diagnosed with necrotic pulps. Ibuprofen was the most frequently prescribed medication for pain, and penicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic when an active infection was present. Eighty-two percent of the respondents are still incorporating hand files in some fashion during the cleansing and shaping phase of treatment. Lateral condensation and continuous wave were the most common methods used for obturation. Digital radiography was reported as being used by 72.5% of the respondents, whereas 45.3% reported using the microscope greater than 75% of the patient treatment. Ultrasonics was used by 97.8% of the respondents. It appears from the results that new endodontic technology is currently being used in the endodontic offices of those who responded to the survey.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Clin Pediatr Dent

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Clin Pediatr Dent

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCPD

Title: International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry

Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

ISSN (Print): 0974-7052

ISSN (Electronic): 0975-1904

Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 01 April 2018

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Pages: 122-127

Affiliations

[1 ]Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

[2 ]Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

[3 ]Postgraduate Student, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

[4 ]Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

[5 ]Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

[6 ]Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Author notes

Corresponding Author: Rahul Kaul, Postgraduate Student Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal India, Phone: +918335852007, e-mail: dr.rahulkaul@gmail.com

Article

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1497

PMC ID: 6034055

PubMed ID: 29991865

SO-VID: 8b2ef27c-806f-464a-956f-95aec115fce0

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

A Survey on the Use of Antibiotics among the Dentists of Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Abstract

Introduction

Aim

Materials and methods

Results

Related collections

Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal)

Most cited references 18

Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Why we must reduce dental prescription of antibiotics: European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day.

Current trends in endodontic practice: emergency treatments and technological armamentarium.

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Journal

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Author notes

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