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      The frontoparietal network: function, electrophysiology, and importance of individual precision mapping Translated title: La red fronto-parietal: función, electrofisiología e importancia del mapeo de precisión individual Translated title: Le réseau frontopariétal : fonction, électrophysiologie et importance de la modélisation individuelle de précision

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          Abstract

          The frontoparietal network is critical for our ability to coordinate behavior in a rapid, accurate, and flexible goal-driven manner. In this review, we outline support for the framing of the frontoparietal network as a distinct control network, in part functioning to flexibly interact with and alter other functional brain networks. This network coordination likely occurs in a 4 Hz to 73 Hz θ/α rhythm, both during resting state and task state. Precision mapping of individual human brains has revealed that the functional topography of the frontoparietal network is variable between individuals, underscoring the notion that group-average studies of the frontoparietal network may be obscuring important typical and atypical features. Many forms of psychopathology implicate the frontoparietal network, such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Given the interindividual variability in frontoparietal network organization, clinical studies will likely benefit greatly from acquiring more individual subject data to accurately characterize resting-state networks compromised in psychopathology.

          Translated abstract

          La red fronto-parietal es fundamental para nuestra capacidad de coordinar la conducta orientada hacia un objetivo de una manera rápida, precisa y flexible. En esta revisión, se describe el soporte para la formación de la red fronto-parietal, como una red de control diferente, que funciona en parte interactuando o alterando otras redes cerebrales funcionales de manera flexible. Esta coordinación de red ocurre probablemente a un ritmo theta/alfa de 4 Hz a 13 Hz, tanto durante el estado de reposo como durante una tarea. El mapeo de precisión de cerebros humanos individuales ha revelado que la topografía funcional de la red fronto-parietal varía entre los sujetos, lo que subraya la noción de que los estudios de promedio de grupo de la red fronto-parietal pueden ocultar importantes características típicas y atípicas. Muchas formas de psicopatología, como la esquizofrenia y el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad, involucran a la red fronto-parietal. Dada la variabilidad interindividual en la organización de la red fronto-parietal, es probable que los estudios clínicos tengan un gran beneficio, a partir de la adquisición de más datos de sujetos individuales, para la caracterización más precisa de las redes (en estado de reposo) que están alteradas en la psicopatología.

          Translated abstract

          Le réseau frontopariétal est essentiel pour organiser notre comportement de manière rapide, précise et centrée sur l'objectif de façon flexible. Dans cet article, nous soutenons le cadre du réseau frontopariétal comme réseau de contrôle distinct, fonctionnant en partie pour communiquer et modifier d'autres réseaux cérébraux fonctionnels de façon flexible. Cette association en réseau intervient vraisemblablement avec un rythme θ/α de 4 Hz à 13 Hz, à la fois pendant le repos et l'activité. Une modélisation précise des cerveaux individuels humains montre que la topographie fonctionnelle du réseau frontopariétal est variable entre les individus, soulignant le fait que des études de moyennes de groupes du réseau frontopariétal peuvent occulter d'importantes caractéristiques typiques et atypiques. De nombreuses formes de psychopathologie impliquent le réseau frontopariétal, comme la schizophrénie et les troubles du déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité. Compte tenu de la variabilité interindividuelle dans l'organisation du réseau frontopariétal, des études cliniques bénéficieront probablement grandement de l'apport de données individuelles de sujets pour caractériser de façon précise des réseaux au repos compromis en psychopathologie.

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          Most cited references40

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          The attention system of the human brain.

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            A dual-networks architecture of top-down control.

            Complex systems ensure resilience through multiple controllers acting at rapid and slower timescales. The need for efficient information flow through complex systems encourages small-world network structures. On the basis of these principles, a group of regions associated with top-down control was examined. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that each region had a specific combination of control signals; resting-state functional connectivity grouped the regions into distinct 'fronto-parietal' and 'cingulo-opercular' components. The fronto-parietal component seems to initiate and adjust control; the cingulo-opercular component provides stable 'set-maintenance' over entire task epochs. Graph analysis showed dense local connections within components and weaker 'long-range' connections between components, suggesting a small-world architecture. The control systems of the brain seem to embody the principles of complex systems, encouraging resilient performance.
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              Multi-task connectivity reveals flexible hubs for adaptive task control

              Extensive evidence suggests the human ability to adaptively implement a wide variety of tasks is preferentially due to the operation of a fronto-parietal brain network. We hypothesized that this network’s adaptability is made possible by ‘flexible hubs’ – brain regions that rapidly update their pattern of global functional connectivity according to task demands. We utilized recent advances in characterizing brain network organization and dynamics to identify mechanisms consistent with the flexible hub theory. We found that the fronto-parietal network’s brain-wide functional connectivity pattern shifted more than other networks’ across a variety of task states, and that these connectivity patterns could be used to identify the current task. Further, these patterns were consistent across practiced and novel tasks, suggesting reuse of flexible hub connectivity patterns facilitates adaptive (novel) task performance. Together, these findings support a central role for fronto-parietal flexible hubs in cognitive control and adaptive implementation of task demands generally.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                June 2018
                June 2018
                : 20
                : 2
                : 133-140
                Affiliations
                Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
                Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.2/smarek
                6136121
                30250390
                982f4825-80b3-4f44-a7d1-711ad71355da
                Copyright: © 2018 AICH

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Basic Research

                Neurosciences
                cognitive control,cognitive flexibility,frontoparietal,lateral prefrontal cortex,intraparietal sulcus,psychopathology

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