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      TfAP-2 is required for night sleep in Drosophila

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          Abstract

          Background

          The AP-2 transcription factor APTF-1 is crucially required for developmentally controlled sleep behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans larvae. Its human ortholog, TFAP-2beta, causes Char disease and has also been linked to sleep disorders. These data suggest that AP-2 transcription factors may be highly conserved regulators of various types of sleep behavior. Here, we tested the idea that AP-2 controls adult sleep in Drosophila.

          Results

          Drosophila has one AP-2 ortholog called TfAP-2, which is essential for viability. To investigate its potential role in sleep behavior and neural development, we specifically downregulated TfAP-2 in the nervous system. We found that neuronal TfAP-2 knockdown almost completely abolished night sleep but did not affect day sleep. TfAP-2 insufficiency affected nervous system development. Conditional TfAP-2 knockdown in the adult also produced a modest sleep phenotype, suggesting that TfAP-2 acts both in larval as well as in differentiated neurons.

          Conclusions

          Thus, our results show that AP-2 transcription factors are highly conserved regulators of development and sleep.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-016-0306-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references25

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          Distinct roles for Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 in the siRNA/miRNA silencing pathways.

          Young Lee, Kenji S Nakahara, John W. Pham … (2004)
          The RNase III enzyme Dicer processes RNA into siRNAs and miRNAs, which direct a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to cleave mRNA or block its translation (RNAi). We have characterized mutations in the Drosophila dicer-1 and dicer-2 genes. Mutation in dicer-1 blocks processing of miRNA precursors, whereas dicer-2 mutants are defective for processing siRNA precursors. It has been recently found that Drosophila Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 are also components of siRNA-dependent RISC (siRISC). We find that Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 are required for siRNA-directed mRNA cleavage, though the RNase III activity of Dicer-2 is not required. Dicer-1 and Dicer-2 facilitate distinct steps in the assembly of siRISC. However, Dicer-1 but not Dicer-2 is essential for miRISC-directed translation repression. Thus, siRISCs and miRISCs are different with respect to Dicers in Drosophila.
          Article 0 comments Cited 325 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Sleep in Drosophila is regulated by adult mushroom bodies.

            William J. Joiner, Amanda Crocker, Benjamin White … (2006)
            Sleep is one of the few major whole-organ phenomena for which no function and no underlying mechanism have been conclusively demonstrated. Sleep could result from global changes in the brain during wakefulness or it could be regulated by specific loci that recruit the rest of the brain into the electrical and metabolic states characteristic of sleep. Here we address this issue by exploiting the genetic tractability of the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, which exhibits the hallmarks of vertebrate sleep. We show that large changes in sleep are achieved by spatial and temporal enhancement of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity specifically in the adult mushroom bodies of Drosophila. Other manipulations of the mushroom bodies, such as electrical silencing, increasing excitation or ablation, also alter sleep. These results link sleep regulation to an anatomical locus known to be involved in learning and memory.
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              Animal sleep: a review of sleep duration across phylogeny.

              Jesse Campbell, I Tobler (1983)
              Sleep duration and placement within the twenty-four hour day have been primary indices utilized in the examination of sleep function. It is of value, therefore, to evaluate these variables in a wide range of animal species. The present paper examines the literature concerning sleep duration in over 150 animal species, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and 14 orders of mammals. We first present annotations of almost 200 studies, including number of animals used, photoperiod employed, sleep duration per twenty-four hours and placement of sleep period within the nychthemeron. Both behavioral and electrographic studies are reviewed, as are laboratory and field studies. These data are subsequently presented in a table with representative literature citations for each species. Following the table, a brief discussion is presented concerning some methodological issues which may affect the measurement of sleep duration and some suggestions are made for future examination of sleep duration.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mariya M. Kucherenko: Mariya.Kucherenko@mpibpc.mpg.de
                Vinodh Ilangovan: Vinodh.Ilangovan@mpibpc.mpg.de
                Bettina Herzig: Bettina.Herzig@stud.uni-goettingen.de
                Halyna R. Shcherbata: +49-551-2011091 , Halyna.Shcherbata@mpibpc.mpg.de
                Henrik Bringmann: +49-551-2011091 , Henrik.Bringmann@mpibpc.mpg.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Neurosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Neurosci
                Title: BMC Neuroscience
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2202
                Publication date (Electronic): 9 November 2016
                Publication date PMC-release: 9 November 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 72
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Max Planck Research Group Sleep and Waking, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
                [2 ]Max Planck Research Group Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
                [3 ]Department of Genes and Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 306
                DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0306-3
                PMC ID: 5103423
                PubMed ID: 27829368
                SO-VID: b94d6cf9-1846-488b-9dbd-9bc2c4dfd0f7
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2016
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 19 April 2016
                Date accepted : 31 October 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: Max Planck Society
                Award ID: Max Planck Research Group
                Award ID: Max Planck Research Group
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: drosophila,ap-2,char syndrome,insomnia,c. elegans
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: drosophila, ap-2, char syndrome, insomnia, c. elegans

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