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      Conducción nerviosa en niños con insuficiencia renal crónica

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          Abstract

          La polineuropatía urémica es la complicación neurológica más frecuente de la insuficiencia renal crónica, y son insuficientemente conocidos su prevalencia, síntomas y patrones neurofisiológicos de expresión en la población pediátrica. Es por ello que se estudiaron 23 pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 7 y 21 años, con insuficiencia renal crónica en sus diferentes grados y 23 niños supuestamente sanos, buscando la presencia de neuropatía periférica clínica o subclínica. Se realizó examen físico general y neurológico, así como la medición de las velocidades de conducción motora y sensitiva. Los síntomas predominantes fueron el dolor a la marcha (55,5 %) y las parestesias (44,4 %), y fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de pacientes dialíticodependientes. La función nerviosa periférica estuvo alterada en todos los grupos estudiados, y existió correlación significativa entre la velocidad de conducción sensitiva y los valores medios de urea, creatinina y filtrado glomerular. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre las medias de la velocidad de conducción sensitiva de los niños de los grupos predialítico, dialíticodependiente y el grupo control, y entre los grupos predialítico y con transplante renal no existieron diferencias significativas.

          Translated abstract

          Uremic polyneuropathy is the most frequent neurological complication of the chronic renal failure but its prevalence, symptoms and neurophysiological patterns of expression in the pediatric population are not well known. This is the reason why 23 patients aged 7-21 years with chronic renal failure at different stages and 23 supposedly healthy children were studied to look for clinical or subclinical peripheral neuropathy. General physical and neurological exams were made and sensory and motor conduction velocities were measured. The prevailing symptoms were pain on walking(55,5%) and paresthesias (44,4%) mainly found in dialysis-dependent patients. All the studied groups showed disturbed peripheral nerve function whereas correlation between sensory conduction rate and mean values of urea, creatinine and glomerural filtrate was significant. Also, significant differences between mean values of sensory conduction velocity of pre-dialysis and dialysis-dependent groups and the control group but there was no significant difference between pre-dialysis and renal transplanted groups. Subject headings

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          Paradoxical heat sensation in uremic polyneuropathy.

          Sensory aspects of uremic neuropathy were studied in 36 patients using clinical assessment and quantitative sensory tests (QST). The outstanding abnormality in sensory quality was perception of heat in response to low temperature stimuli. This paradoxical heat sensation was found in the foot in 42% (15) of patients, far beyond the normal prevalence of 10%. Paradoxical sensation was positively related to cold hypoesthesia (P = 0.0004) suggesting disinhibition as a possible mechanism. Paradoxical heat sensation also positively related to creatinine level (P = 0.0012). Pruritus was present in 20 patients (56%), intensity not related to any biochemical or clinical parameter. Signs of sensory polyneuropathy (PNP), based on at least two abnormal parameters in the clinical assessment or QST, were found in 39% of patients (14), of whom 11 had paradoxical heat sensation. Thus, in 4 patients (11%), this sensory aberration preceded other signs for PNP. Paradoxical heat sensation seems to be a common and often early expression of the sensory neuropathy in uremia.
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            Uremic polyneuropathy: a clinical and electrophysiological study in 135 short- and long-term hemodialyzed patients.

            Twenty neurophysiological parameters were employed to evaluate the presence and the degree of peripheral neuropathy (PNP) in a cohort of 135 patients (pts) on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) for 2 to 184 months. The 135 pts were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of RDT (group I: 52 pts with less than 5 yrs; group II: 46 pts 5 to 10 yrs; group III: 37 pts 10 to 15 yrs). Each group was then divided into two subgroups according to age (less or more than 47 yrs) to evaluate the influence of age on PNP. Correlations of electrophysiological parameters with some biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, PTH) were looked for. The presence of clinical PNP was evaluated according to the Bolton classification: in group I, 50% of pts have mild PNP; in group II, 45.7% of pts have mild PNP; in group III, 81.1% have mild, 10.8% have moderate and 2.7% of pts have severe PNP. In as many as 84.4% of the 135 pts at least one of the 20 parameters studied had abnormal values and in 63% two or more parameters were abnormal. Of 20 parameters evaluated separately in the 3 groups only three showed abnormal mean values: sural nerve latency in all 3 groups; sural nerve Sensory Conduction Velocity (SCV) and peroneal nerve Max. Motor Conduction Velocity (MCV) in group III. Five parameters referring to ulnar nerves and two referring to the sural nerve were significantly more impaired in the group of pts with the longest duration of RDT and in this group the impairment was more severe in older patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              The natural history of uremic neuropathy.

              The results obtained by electrophysiological recording allow to discover the constant presence of alterations to the central and/or peripheral nervous system in the uremic syndrome. Thus, it becomes possible to demonstrate the existence of an actual 'uremic neuropathy'. Moreover, the results show the persistence and progression of uremic involvement in the course of dialytic treatment; only after kidney transplantation a return to normal takes place. Methodological and interpretative progress will allow us in the future to broaden our knowledge of uremia by providing a useful guide to therapeutic strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ped
                Revista Cubana de Pediatría
                Rev Cubana Pediatr
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas; Editorial Ciencias Médicas (La Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7531
                1561-3119
                June 2002
                : 74
                : 2
                : 115-121
                Affiliations
                [01] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameHospital Pediátrico Universitario Centro Habana Cuba
                [02] orgnameHospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Amejeiras
                [03] orgnameUATS Nacional, MINSAP.
                Article
                S0034-75312002000200003 S0034-7531(02)07400203
                d021c9bc-88a2-4325-b04b-eb17814443c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 July 2001
                : 11 September 2001
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                UREMIA,CHILD,NEURAL CONDUCTION,KIDNEY FAILURE,CHRONIC,POLYNEUROPATHIES,NIÑO,CONDUCCION NEURAL,INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRONICA,POLINEUROPATIA

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