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      Rules of Engagement: The Type VI Secretion System in V. cholerae

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          Abstract

          Microbial species often exist in complex communities where they must avoid predation and compete for favorable niches. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contact-dependent bacterial weapon that allows for direct killing of competitors through the translocation of proteinaceous toxins. Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative pathogen that can use its T6SS during antagonistic interactions with neighboring prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors. The T6SS not only promotes V. cholerae's survival during its aquatic and host life cycles, but also influences its evolution by facilitating horizontal gene transfer. This review details the recent insights regarding the structure and function of the T6SS as well as the diverse signals and regulatory pathways that control its activation in V. cholerae.

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          Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal pathogens.

          Charlie G. Buffie, Eric G. Pamer (2013)
          Commensal bacteria inhabit mucosal and epidermal surfaces in mice and humans, and have effects on metabolic and immune pathways in their hosts. Recent studies indicate that the commensal microbiota can be manipulated to prevent and even to cure infections that are caused by pathogenic bacteria, particularly pathogens that are broadly resistant to antibiotics, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium difficile. In this Review, we discuss how immune- mediated colonization resistance against antibiotic-resistant intestinal pathogens is influenced by the composition of the commensal microbiota. We also review recent advances characterizing the ability of different commensal bacterial families, genera and species to restore colonization resistance to intestinal pathogens in antibiotic-treated hosts.
          Article 0 comments Cited 572 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Bacterial quorum sensing: its role in virulence and possibilities for its control.

            Steven Rutherford, Bonnie Bassler (2012)
            Quorum sensing is a process of cell-cell communication that allows bacteria to share information about cell density and adjust gene expression accordingly. This process enables bacteria to express energetically expensive processes as a collective only when the impact of those processes on the environment or on a host will be maximized. Among the many traits controlled by quorum sensing is the expression of virulence factors by pathogenic bacteria. Here we review the quorum-sensing circuits of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholerae. We outline these canonical quorum-sensing mechanisms and how each uniquely controls virulence factor production. Additionally, we examine recent efforts to inhibit quorum sensing in these pathogens with the goal of designing novel antimicrobial therapeutics.
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              Bacterial quorum-sensing network architectures.

              Wai-Leung Ng, Bonnie Bassler (2009)
              Quorum sensing is a cell-cell communication process in which bacteria use the production and detection of extracellular chemicals called autoinducers to monitor cell population density. Quorum sensing allows bacteria to synchronize the gene expression of the group, and thus act in unison. Here, we review the mechanisms involved in quorum sensing with a focus on the Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing systems. We discuss the differences between these two quorum-sensing systems and the differences between them and other paradigmatic bacterial signal transduction systems. We argue that the Vibrio quorum-sensing systems are optimally designed to precisely translate extracellular autoinducer information into internal changes in gene expression. We describe how studies of the V. harveyi and V. cholerae quorum-sensing systems have revealed some of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning the evolution of collective behaviors.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9310916
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 8474
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Trends Microbiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Trends Microbiol.
                Title: Trends in microbiology
                ISSN (Print): 0966-842X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1878-4380
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 6 January 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 December 2016
                Publication date (Print): April 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 01 April 2018
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 267-279
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
                [b ]Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
                [c ]Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed: fyildiz@ 123456ucsc.edu
                Article
                Accession ID: PMC5365375 Pmcid ID: PMC5365375 Pmc-uid ID: 5365375 Manuscript ID: nihpa839140
                DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.12.003
                PMC ID: 5365375
                PubMed ID: 28027803
                SO-VID: 89371512-5695-43b4-8442-c654b9ff9957
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: function,Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), Vibrio cholerae ,structure,regulation
                Data availability:
                Keywords: function, Type VI Secretion System (T6SS), Vibrio cholerae , structure, regulation

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