TCF21 knockout mice display cardiac defects, including ventricular septal defects (VSDs). Functional rs12190287 polymorphisms located within the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of TCF21 were associated with a risk of coronary heart disease in the European and Eastern populations. However, whether rs12190287 polymorphisms in the TCF21-3'UTR confer predisposition to congenital heart disease (CHD) is unclear.