For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
25
views
40
references
 Top references
cited by
22
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      310
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Effect of Virtual Reality on Postural and Balance Control in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Literature Review

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective. To critically evaluate the studies that were conducted over the past 10 years and to assess the impact of virtual reality on static and dynamic balance control in the stroke population. Method. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials published between January 2006 and December 2015 was conducted. Databases searched were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies must have involved adult patients with stroke during acute, subacute, or chronic phase. All included studies must have assessed the impact of virtual reality programme on either static or dynamic balance ability and compared it with a control group. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results. Nine studies were included in this systematic review. The PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 9 points. All studies, except one, showed significant improvement in static or dynamic balance outcomes group. Conclusions. This review provided moderate evidence to support the fact that virtual reality training is an effective adjunct to standard rehabilitation programme to improve balance for patients with chronic stroke. The effect of VR training in balance recovery is less clear in patients with acute or subacute stroke. Further research is required to investigate the optimum training intensity and frequency to achieve the desired outcome.

          Related collections

          Most cited references40

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery.

          Amy Henderson, Nicol Korner-Bitensky, Mindy F Levin (2007)
          It is estimated that 50% to 75% of individuals who experience a stroke have persistent impairment of the affected upper limb (UL). There is a need to identify the best training strategies for retraining motor function of the UL. One intervention showing promise is virtual reality (VR), using either immersive or nonimmersive technology. Before recommending VR for use in clinical practice, it is important to understand the evidence regarding its effectiveness. Two questions about the effectiveness of VR for UL rehabilitation in stroke were posed: (1) Is the use of immersive VR more effective than conventional therapy or no therapy in the rehabilitation of the UL in patients with hemiplegia? (2) Is the use of nonimmersive VR more effective than conventional therapy or no therapy in the rehabilitation of the UL in patients with hemiplegia? There is level 1b evidence suggesting an advantage to training in immersive VR environments versus no therapy in UL rehabilitation, and level 5 evidence for training in immersive VR versus conventional therapy. There is level 4 evidence showing conflicting results for training in nonimmersive VR versus no therapy, and level 2b evidence for training in nonimmersive VR versus conventional therapy. The current evidence on the effectiveness of using VR in the rehabilitation of the UL in patients with stroke is limited but sufficiently encouraging to justify additional clinical trials in this population.
          Article 0 comments Cited 117 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Emergence of virtual reality as a tool for upper limb rehabilitation: incorporation of motor control and motor learning principles.

            Mindy F Levin, Patrice Weiss, Emily Keshner (2015)
            The primary focus of rehabilitation for individuals with loss of upper limb movement as a result of acquired brain injury is the relearning of specific motor skills and daily tasks. This relearning is essential because the loss of upper limb movement often results in a reduced quality of life. Although rehabilitation strives to take advantage of neuroplastic processes during recovery, results of traditional approaches to upper limb rehabilitation have not entirely met this goal. In contrast, enriched training tasks, simulated with a wide range of low- to high-end virtual reality-based simulations, can be used to provide meaningful, repetitive practice together with salient feedback, thereby maximizing neuroplastic processes via motor learning and motor recovery. Such enriched virtual environments have the potential to optimize motor learning by manipulating practice conditions that explicitly engage motivational, cognitive, motor control, and sensory feedback-based learning mechanisms. The objectives of this article are to review motor control and motor learning principles, to discuss how they can be exploited by virtual reality training environments, and to provide evidence concerning current applications for upper limb motor recovery. The limitations of the current technologies with respect to their effectiveness and transfer of learning to daily life tasks also are discussed.
            Article 0 comments Cited 110 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Reduced ambulatory activity after stroke: the role of balance, gait, and cardiovascular fitness.

              Kathleen Michael, Jerilyn K Allen, Richard Macko (2005)
              To determine ambulatory activity in a sample of community-dwelling people with chronic hemiparetic stroke and to examine whether deficits in balance and gait and cardiovascular and metabolic fitness are key determinants of ambulatory activity levels. Descriptive correlational. Home and community. Twenty-eight men and 22 women (N=50) over the age 45 years with more than 6 months of hemiparetic gait after ischemic stroke. Not applicable. Ambulatory activity (total daily step activity), mobility deficit severity (Berg Balance Scale [BBS] scores, timed 10-m walks), and cardiovascular fitness (energy costs of hemiparetic gait, peak exercise capacity [VO2peak]). Mean ambulatory activity profiles were extremely low (2837 steps/d vs reported 5000-6000 steps/d in sedentary older adults). Ambulatory activity levels were strongly associated with BBS scores (r=.581, P<.001) and self-selected floor walking velocity (r=.554, P<.001). Participants also had profound cardiovascular deconditioning (mean VO2peak, 11.7+/-2.8 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)). The energy costs of hemiparetic gait were high (8.7+/-1.7 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)), representing 76% of physiologic fitness reserve. Although the relationships of economy of gait and VO2peak to ambulatory activity was not statistically significant, both the VO2peak and the physiologic fitness reserve, as expressed by fractional utilization, were strongly related to balance (r=.374, P=.02; r=-.430, P< .01, respectively.) The BBS predicted 30% of the variance in ambulatory activity. Ambulatory activity levels and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke are extremely low. Mobility deficits, particularly in balance, are associated with low ambulatory activity. Balance-related inactivity may be an important factor in deconditioning. Further studies are needed to better understand whether task-oriented exercise enhances balance and whether increases in daily ambulatory activity yield improved cardiovascular fitness in chronic stroke survivors.
              Article 0 comments Cited 94 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 December 2016
                Volume: 2016
                Electronic Location Identifier: 7309272
                Affiliations
                Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Massimiliano Pau

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-2157
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2811-972X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-4082
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2016/7309272
                PMC ID: 5174165
                PubMed ID: 28053988
                SO-VID: e6f028d2-73b8-46e0-8468-3cedea5d9317
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Ling Chen et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 June 2016
                Date accepted : 6 November 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Funding Program
                Award ID: 2014001
                Funded by: Provincial Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province
                Award ID: 2015B020233006
                Award ID: 2016A020220009
                Funded by: Guangzhou Science and Technology Project
                Award ID: 201604020108
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content310

                See all similar

                Cited by22

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors720

                See all reference authors