7
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Home visits by community health workers to prevent neonatal deaths in developing countries: a systematic review Translated title: Des visites à domicile par des professionnels communautaires de la santé permettent de réduire la mortalité infantile dans les pays en voie de développement: une revue systématique Translated title: Visitas domiciliarias por parte de personal sanitario comunitario para prevenir la mortalidad neonatal en los paísesen desarrollo: revisión sistemática

      case-report

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To determine whether home visits for neonatal care by community health workers can reduce infant and neonatal deaths and stillbirths in resource-limited settings. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review up to 2008 of controlled trials comparing various intervention packages, one of them being home visits for neonatal care by community health workers. We performed meta-analysis to calculate the pooled risk of outcomes. FINDINGS: Five trials, all from southAsia, satisfied the inclusion criteria. The intervention packages included in them comprised antenatal home visits (all trials), home visits during the neonatal period (all trials), home-based treatment for illness (3 trials) and community mobilization efforts (4 trials). Meta-analysis showed a reduced risk of neonatal death (relative risk, RR: 0.62; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.440.87) and stillbirth (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65-0.89), and a significant improvement in antenatal and neonatal practice indicators (1 antenatal check-up, 2 doses of maternal tetanus toxoid, clean umbilical cord care, early breastfeeding and delayed bathing). Only one trial recorded infant deaths (RR: 0.41; 0.30-0.57). Subgroup analyses suggested a greater survival benefit when home visit coverage was > 50% (P < 0.001) and when both preventive and curative interventions (injectable antibiotics) were conducted (P= 0.088). CONCLUSION: Home visits for antenatal and neonatal care, together with community mobilization activities, are associated with reduced neonatal mortality and stillbirths in southern Asian settings with high neonatal mortality and poor access to facility-based health care.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECT: if Determiner si les visites a domicile pour soins neonataux par des professionnels communautaires de la sante peuvent reduire la mortalite infantile et neo-natale et la mortinatalite dans des situations ou les ressources sont limitees. MÉTHODES: Nous avons effectue un examen systematique jusqu'a 2008 d'essais controles comparant plusieurs ensembles d'intervention, l'un d'entre eux comprenant les visites a domicile pour soins neonataux par des professionnels communautaires de la sante. Nous avons execute une meta-analyse pour calculer le risque amalgame des resultats. RÉSULTATS: Cinq essais, tous en Asie du Sud, repondaient aux criteres d'inclusion. Les ensembles d'intervention comportaient des visites prenatales a domicile (tous les essais), des visites a domicile pendant la periode neonatale (tous les essais), des traitements pour maladies a domicile (3 essais) et des efforts de mobilisation communautaire (4 essais). La meta-analyse a montre un risque reduit de mort neonatale (risque relatif (RR): 0,62; intervalle de confiance (IC) a 95%: 0,44-0,87) et d'enfants mort-nes (RR: 0,76; IC 95%: 0,65-0,89), et une amelioration significative des indicateurs de pratique prenatale et neonatale ( 1 bilan de sante prenatal, 2 doses d'anatoxine tetanique maternelle, soins de nettoyage du cordon ombilical, allaitement precoce et bain differe). Seul un essai a rapporte des morts infantiles (RR: 0,41; 0,30-0,57). Les analyses de sous-groupes ont suggere un plus grand avantage de survie lorsque la couverture de visite a domicile etait > 50% (P < 0,001) et lorsque des interventions preventives et curatives (antibiotiques injectables) etaient realisees (P = 0,088). CONCLUSION: Les visites a domicile pour soins prenataux et neonataux, avec activites de mobilisation communautaire, sont associees a une mortalite neonatale et une mortinatalite reduites dans les regions d'Asie du Sud ou la mortalite neo-natale est elevee et ou l'acces a des soins en milieu medical est limite.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Determinar si las visitas de atencion neonatal a domicilio por parte del personal sanitario comunitario pueden reducir la mortalidad neonatal, la mortalidad de los menores de un ano y la muerte fetal en entornos de recursos limitados. MÉTODOS: Se llevo a cabo una revision sistematica de los estudios comparativos llevados a cabo hasta 2008, en los que se compararon diferentes intervenciones, siendo una de ellas las visitas domiciliarias de atencion neonatal por parte del personal sanitario comunitario. Para el calculo del riesgo combinado de los resultados se empleo un metanalisis. RESULTADOS: Cinco ensayos, todos ellos llevados a cabo en Asia meridional, cumplian los criterios de inclusion. Las intervenciones incluyeron: visitas domiciliarias prenatales (todos los ensayos), visitas domiciliarias durante el periodo neonatal (todos los ensayos), tratamiento domiciliario de enfermedades (tres ensayos) y esfuerzos comunitarios de movilizacion (cuatro ensayos). El metanalisis mostro un menor riesgo de muerte neonatal (riesgo relativo, RR: 0,62; intervalo de confianza del 95%, IC: 0,44-0,87) y de muerte fetal (RR: 0,76; IC: 95%: 0,65-0,89) y una mejora significativa de los indicadores de la asistencia prenatal y neonatal ( 1 revision prenatal, 2 dosis de la vacuna antitetanica materna, cuidado aseptico del cordon umbilical, lactancia materna temprana y postergacion del primer bano). Solo un ensayo registro muertes de menores de un ano (RR: 0,41; 0,30-0,57). Los analisis de los subgrupos indicaron una mayor supervivencia cuando la cobertura de la visita domiciliaria fue > 50% (P < 0,001) y cuando se llevaron a cabo intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento (antibioticos inyectables) (P = 0,088). CONCLUSIÓN: Las visitas domiciliarias de atencion prenatal y neonatal, junto con las actividades comunitarias de movilizacion, estan relacionadas con la disminucion de la mortalidad neonatal y de la muerte fetal en areas de Asia meridional con elevada mortalidad neonatal y un acceso deficiente a los consultorios de asistencia sanitaria.

          Related collections

          Most cited references54

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Effect of community-based newborn-care intervention package implemented through two service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

          Neonatal mortality accounts for a high proportion of deaths in children under the age of 5 years in Bangladesh. Therefore the project for advancing the health of newborns and mothers (Projahnmo) implemented a community-based intervention package through government and non-government organisation infrastructures to reduce neonatal mortality. In Sylhet district, 24 clusters (with a population of about 20 000 each) were randomly assigned in equal numbers to one of two intervention arms or to the comparison arm. Because of the study design, masking was not feasible. All married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were eligible to participate. In the home-care arm, female community health workers (one per 4000 population) identified pregnant women, made two antenatal home visits to promote birth and newborn-care preparedness, made postnatal home visits to assess newborns on the first, third, and seventh days of birth, and referred or treated sick neonates. In the community-care arm, birth and newborn-care preparedness and careseeking from qualified providers were promoted solely through group sessions held by female and male community mobilisers. The primary outcome was reduction in neonatal mortality. Analysis was by intention to treat. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number 00198705. The number of clusters per arm was eight. The number of participants was 36059, 40159, and 37598 in the home-care, community-care, and comparison arms, respectively, with 14 769, 16 325, and 15 350 livebirths, respectively. In the last 6 months of the 30-month intervention, neonatal mortality rates were 29.2 per 1000, 45.2 per 1000, and 43.5 per 1000 in the home-care, community-care, and comparison arms, respectively. Neonatal mortality was reduced in the home-care arm by 34% (adjusted relative risk 0.66; 95% CI 0.47-0.93) during the last 6 months versus that in the comparison arm. No mortality reduction was noted in the community-care arm (0.95; 0.69-1.31). A home-care strategy to promote an integrated package of preventive and curative newborn care is effective in reducing neonatal mortality in communities with a weak health system, low health-care use, and high neonatal mortality.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

            In rural India, most births take place in the home, where high-risk care practices are common. We developed an intervention of behaviour change management, with a focus on prevention of hypothermia, aimed at modifying practices and reducing neonatal mortality. We did a cluster-randomised controlled efficacy trial in Shivgarh, a rural area in Uttar Pradesh. 39 village administrative units (population 104,123) were allocated to one of three groups: a control group, which received the usual services of governmental and non-governmental organisations in the area; an intervention group, which received a preventive package of interventions for essential newborn care (birth preparedness, clean delivery and cord care, thermal care [including skin-to-skin care], breastfeeding promotion, and danger sign recognition); or another intervention group, which received the package of essential newborn care plus use of a liquid crystal hypothermia indicator (ThermoSpot). In the intervention clusters, community health workers delivered the packages via collective meetings and two antenatal and two postnatal household visitations. Outcome measures included changes in newborn-care practices and neonatal mortality rate compared with the control group. Analysis was by intention to treat. This study is registered as International Standard Randomised Control Trial, number NCT00198653. Improvements in birth preparedness, hygienic delivery, thermal care (including skin-to-skin care), umbilical cord care, skin care, and breastfeeding were seen in intervention arms. There was little change in care-seeking. Compared with controls, neonatal mortality rate was reduced by 54% in the essential newborn-care intervention (rate ratio 0.46 [95% CI 0.35-0.60], p<0.0001) and by 52% in the essential newborn care plus ThermoSpot arm (0.48 [95% CI 0.35-0.66], p<0.0001). A socioculturally contextualised, community-based intervention, targeted at high-risk newborn-care practices, can lead to substantial behavioural modification and reduction in neonatal mortality. This approach can be applied to behaviour change along the continuum of care, harmonise vertical interventions, and build community capacity for sustained development. USAID and Save the Children-US through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Neonatal and infant mortality in the ten years (1993 to 2003) of the Gadchiroli field trial: effect of home-based neonatal care.

              To evaluate the effect on neonatal and infant mortality during 10 years (1993 to 2003) in the field trial of home-based neonatal care (HBNC) in Gadchiroli. To estimate the contribution of the individual components in the intervention package on the observed effect. The field trial of HBNC in Gadchiroli, India, has completed the baseline phase (1993 to 1995), observational phase (1995 to 1996) and the 7 years of intervention (1996 to 2003). We measured the stillbirth rate (SBR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR), perinatal mortality rate (PMR), postneonatal mortality rate (PNMR) and the infant mortality rate (IMR) in the intervention area and the control area. The effect of HBNC on all these rates was estimated by comparing the change from baseline (1993 to 1995) to the last 2 years of intervention (2001 to 2003) in the intervention area vs in the control area. For other estimates, we made a before-after comparison of the rates in the intervention arm in the observation year (1995 to 1996) vs intervention years (1996 to 2003). We evaluated the effect on the cause-specific NMRs. By using the changes in the incidence and case fatality (CF) of the four main morbidities, we estimated the contribution of primary prevention and of the management of sick neonates. The proportion of deaths averted by different components of HBNC was estimated. The baseline population in 39 intervention villages was 39,312 and in 47 control villages it was 42,617, and the population characteristics and vital rates were similar. The total number of live births in 10 years (1993 to 2003) were 8811 and 9990, respectively. The NMR in the control area showed an increase from 58 in 1993 to 1995 to 64 in 2001 to 2003. The NMR in the intervention area declined from 62 to 25; the reduction in comparison to the control area was by 44 points (70%, 95% CI 59 to 81%). Early NMR decreased by 24 points (64%) and late NMR by 20 points (80%). The SBR decreased by 16 points (49%) and the PMR by 38 points (56%). The PNMR did not change, and the IMR decreased by 43 points (57%, 95% CI 46 to 68%). All reductions were highly significant (p<0.001) except for SBR it was <0.05. The cause-specific NMR (1995 to 1996 vs 2001 to 2003) for sepsis decreased by 90%, for asphyxia by 53% and for prematurity by 38%. The total reduction in neonatal mortality during intervention (1996 to 2003) was ascribed to sepsis management, 36%; supportive care of low birth weight (LBW) neonates, 34%; asphyxia management, 19%; primary prevention, 7% and management of other illnesses or unexplained, 4%. The HBNC package in the Gadchiroli field trial reduced the neonatal and perinatal mortality by large margins, and the gains were sustained at the end of the 7 years of intervention and were carried forward as improved survival through the first year of life. Most of the reduction in mortality was ascribed to sickness management, that is, management of sepsis, supportive care of LBW neonates and management of asphyxia, in that order, and a small portion to primary prevention.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra )
                0042-9686
                September 2010
                : 88
                : 9
                : 658-666
                Affiliations
                [1 ] B-16 Qutab Institutional Area India
                Article
                S0042-96862010000900009
                ee459883-d5e8-4729-95f8-3d4613544c6b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0042-9686&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Public health

                Comments

                Comment on this article