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      Drug Design, Development and Therapy (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the design and development of drugs, as well as the clinical outcomes, patient safety, and programs targeted at the effective and safe use of medicines. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Imiglucerase in the treatment of Gaucher disease: a history and perspective

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          Abstract

          The scientific and therapeutic development of imiglucerase (Cerezyme ®) by the Genzyme Corporation is a paradigm case for a critical examination of current trends in biotechnology. In this article the authors argue that contemporary interest in treatments for rare diseases by major pharmaceutical companies stems in large part from an exception among rarities: the astonishing commercial success of Cerezyme. The fortunes of the Genzyme Corporation, latterly acquired by global giant Sanofi SA, were founded on the evolution of a blockbuster therapy for a single but, as it turns out, propitious ultra-orphan disorder: Gaucher disease.

          Most cited references162

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          Replacement therapy for inherited enzyme deficiency--macrophage-targeted glucocerebrosidase for Gaucher's disease.

          N Barton, R O Brady, J Dambrosia … (1991)
          Gaucher's disease, the most prevalent of the sphingolipid storage disorders, is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (glucosylceramidase). Enzyme replacement was proposed as a therapeutic strategy for this disorder in 1966. To assess the clinical effectiveness of this approach, we infused macrophage-targeted human placental glucocerebrosidase (60 IU per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks for 9 to 12 months) into 12 patients with type 1 Gaucher's disease who had intact spleens. The frequency of infusions was increased to once a week in two patients (children) during part of the trial because they had clinically aggressive disease. The hemoglobin concentration increased in all 12 patients, and the platelet count in 7. Serum acid phosphatase activity decreased in 10 patients during the trial, and the plasma glucocerebroside level in 9. Splenic volume decreased in all patients after six months of treatment, and hepatic volume in five. Early signs of skeletal improvements were seen in three patients. The enzyme infusions were well tolerated, and no antibody to the exogenous enzyme developed. Intravenous administration of macrophage-targeted glucocerebrosidase produces objective clinical improvement in patients with type 1 Gaucher's disease. The hematologic and visceral responses to enzyme replacement develop more rapidly than the skeletal response.
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            Marked elevation of plasma chitotriosidase activity. A novel hallmark of Gaucher disease.

            C. E. Hollak, S van Weely, M van Oers … (1994)
            Gaucher disease (GD; glucosylceramidosis) is caused by a deficient activity of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GC). Clinical manifestations are highly variable and cannot be predicted accurately on the basis of the properties of mutant GC. Analysis of secondary abnormalities, such as elevated plasma levels of some hydrolases, may help to increase insight into the complicated pathophysiology of the disease and could also provide useful disease markers. The recent availability of enzyme supplementation therapy for GD increases the need for markers as early predictors of the efficacy of treatment. We report the finding of a very marked increase in chitotrisidase activity in plasma of 30 of 32 symptomatic type 1 GD patients studied: the median activity being > 600 times the median value in plasma of healthy volunteers. In three GC-deficient individuals without clinical symptoms, only slight increases were noted. Chitotriosidase activity was absent in plasma of three control subjects and two patients. During enzyme supplementation therapy, chitotriosidase activity declined dramatically. We conclude that plasma chitotriosidase levels can serve as a new diagnostic hallmark of GD and should prove to be useful in assessing whether clinical manifestations of GD are present and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic intervention.
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              Biopharmaceutical benchmarks 2010.

              Gary Walsh (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Title: Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1177-8881
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 April 2012
                Volume: 6
                Pages: 81-106
                Affiliations
                Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Addenbrooke’s NHS Foundation Hospitals Trust, Cambridge, UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Timothy M Cox; Patrick B Deegan, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Lysosomal Disorders Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK, Email tmc12@ 123456medschl.cam.ac.uk ; patrick.deegan@ 123456addenbrookes.nhs.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: dddt-6-081
                DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S14395
                PMC ID: 3340106
                PubMed ID: 22563238
                SO-VID: 4ceb31de-2be1-4427-9840-8d548b7928b0
                Copyright © © 2012 Deegan and Cox, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: enzyme therapy,ultra-orphan,macrophage targeting,lysosomal disease,mannose lectin,biopharmaceutical
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: enzyme therapy, ultra-orphan, macrophage targeting, lysosomal disease, mannose lectin, biopharmaceutical

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