The source, nature, and direction of work and family conflict: a longitudinal investigation.

The authors examine the source, nature, and direction of work and family conflict. Confirmatory factor analysis of a 22-item scale suggested the appropriateness of distinguishing between strain-based and time-based conflict and between family interfering with work (FIW) and work interfering with family (WIF). Six-month longitudinal survey data (N = 236) suggested that strain-based FIW is a precursor to both stress and turnover intentions. Strain-based WIF emerged as an outcome of stress.