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      Description of Hemienchytraeus wuhanensis sp. nov. (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) from central China, with comments on species records of Hemienchytraeus from China

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      Journal: ZooKeys
      Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

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          Abstract

          Hemienchytraeus wuhanensis sp. nov. is described from hardwood forest soil in Wuhan, China. This moderately sized enchytraeid species of 6–9 mm body length is characterized by: (1) an oesophageal appendage with tertiary branches, (2) three pairs of secondary pharyngeal gland lobes in V, VI, VII, (3) five pairs preclitellar nephridia, from 5/6 to 9/10, (4) dorsal vessel originating in clitellar segments, (5) a girdle-shaped clitellum, (6) a relatively small male reproductive apparatus without seminal vesicle, and (7) spermathecae that extend to VI–VII. DNA barcodes of paratype specimens of the new species are provided. Previous species records of Hemienchytraeus from China are critically discussed.

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          MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms.

          Sudhir Kumar, Glen Stecher, Michael KaWah Li … (2018)
          The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems. Mega X does not require virtualization or emulation software and provides a uniform user experience across platforms. Mega X has additionally been upgraded to use multiple computing cores for many molecular evolutionary analyses. Mega X is available in two interfaces (graphical and command line) and can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates.

            M Beier (1966)
            We describe "universal" DNA primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 710-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from 11 invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata, Mollusca, Annelida, Pogonophora, Arthropoda, Nemertinea, Echiura, Sipuncula, Platyhelminthes, Tardigrada, and Coelenterata, as well as the putative phylum Vestimentifera. Preliminary comparisons revealed that these COI primers generate informative sequences for phylogenetic analyses at the species and higher taxonomic levels.
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              Molecular phylogeny of Enchytraeidae (Annelida, Clitellata).

              Pierre de Wit, Christer Erséus, Emilia Rota … (2010)
              A multigene data set (12S, 16S, and COI mitochondrial DNA; 18S and 28S nuclear DNA) was analyzed by Bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny of a sample of the clitellate family Enchytraeidae (86 species representing 14 nominal genera). Monophyly, as well as a basal dichotomy, of the family Enchytraeidae obtained maximum support, with one clade containing Hemienchytraeus and Achaeta, the other the remaining 12 genera analysed. The latter group is basally resolved in several well-supported clades. Lumbricillus and Grania are closely related. Bryodrilus, Oconnorella, Henlea and two species of Marionina (M. cf. riparia, and M. communis) form a well-supported clade. Cognettia is sister to Stercutus, and Cernosvitoviella sister to Mesenchytraeus, and the four together appear to be a monophyletic group. A large part of the taxonomically problematic Marionina appears to be a group not closely related to the type species (M. georgiana), and this group also includes Enchytronia. Further, this Marionina/Enchytronia group appears to be sister to a clade comprising the more or less littoral marine genera Stephensoniella and Enchytraeus. Hemifridericia, Buchholzia and Fridericia, the three genera characterized by two types of coelomocytes, also form a well-supported clade. The study corroborates most of the multi-species genera analysed (Cognettia, Cernosvitoviella, Mesenchytraeus, Oconnorella, Henlea, Enchytraeus, Grania, Buchholzia and Fridericia); only Lumbricillus and Marionina are non-monophyletic as currently defined.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: ZooKeys
                Abbreviated Title: ZK
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                Publication date Created: February 04 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): February 04 2021
                Volume: 1015
                Pages: 87-97
                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1015.59019
                SO-VID: 6dc1dee1-c9d0-4eca-969c-dcbc58cd705d
                Copyright © © 2021
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                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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