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      IFCN-endorsed practical guidelines for clinical magnetoencephalography (MEG)

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          Abstract

          Highlights • The main principles of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and the value of combined MEG and EEG are discussed. • Established and some potential future clinical applications of MEG are reviewed. • Practical guidelines for clinical MEG examinations are presented.

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          Most cited references370

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          Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia.

          Converging evidence from electrophysiological, physiological and anatomical studies suggests that abnormalities in the synchronized oscillatory activity of neurons may have a central role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neural oscillations are a fundamental mechanism for the establishment of precise temporal relationships between neuronal responses that are in turn relevant for memory, perception and consciousness. In patients with schizophrenia, the synchronization of beta- and gamma-band activity is abnormal, suggesting a crucial role for dysfunctional oscillations in the generation of the cognitive deficits and other symptoms of the disorder. Dysfunctional oscillations may arise owing to anomalies in the brain's rhythm-generating networks of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons and in cortico-cortical connections.
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            Über das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen

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              Phase lag index: assessment of functional connectivity from multi channel EEG and MEG with diminished bias from common sources.

              To address the problem of volume conduction and active reference electrodes in the assessment of functional connectivity, we propose a novel measure to quantify phase synchronization, the phase lag index (PLI), and compare its performance to the well-known phase coherence (PC), and to the imaginary component of coherency (IC). The PLI is a measure of the asymmetry of the distribution of phase differences between two signals. The performance of PLI, PC, and IC was examined in (i) a model of 64 globally coupled oscillators, (ii) an EEG with an absence seizure, (iii) an EEG data set of 15 Alzheimer patients and 13 control subjects, and (iv) two MEG data sets. PLI and PC were more sensitive than IC to increasing levels of true synchronization in the model. PC and IC were influenced stronger than PLI by spurious correlations because of common sources. All measures detected changes in synchronization during the absence seizure. In contrast to PC, PLI and IC were barely changed by the choice of different montages. PLI and IC were superior to PC in detecting changes in beta band connectivity in AD patients. Finally, PLI and IC revealed a different spatial pattern of functional connectivity in MEG data than PC. The PLI performed at least as well as the PC in detecting true changes in synchronization in model and real data but, at the same token and like-wise the IC, it was much less affected by the influence of common sources and active reference electrodes. Copyright 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Clinical Neurophysiology
                Clinical Neurophysiology
                Elsevier BV
                13882457
                August 2018
                August 2018
                : 129
                : 8
                : 1720-1747
                Article
                10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.042
                5da75a96-a28e-413d-a4e0-348f02179670
                © 2018

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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