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      Incidence of chronic wounds in Singapore, a multiethnic Asian country, between 2000 and 2017: a retrospective cohort study using a nationwide claims database

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Chronic wounds are common, costly and impair quality of life, yet epidemiological data are scarce. We aimed to estimate the incidence trend of a multiethnic Asian population.

          Design

          Retrospective cohort study.

          Setting

          Singapore’s nationwide claims database.

          Participants

          Singaporeans and permanent residents.

          Outcomes

          Patients were identified by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-9-AM) and ICD-10-AM codes from all admissions between 2000 and 2017, and categorised according to aetiology: venous, arterial, diabetic and pressure. Comorbidities were extracted from a national database of Charlson Comorbidity Index scores.

          Results

          Between 2000 and 2017, 124 023 wound-related claims among 86 631 patients were identified. Age-specific rate (ASR) and age-adjusted incidence rates of all wounds increased over 18 years, with greatest increases among those aged ≥80. In 2017, the median age of patients was 74 (IQR 63–84). Half were male (51%). 70% were ethnic Chinese, 15% Malay and 9% Indian. In 2017, the crude incidence rate (CIR) was 15 per 100 000 persons (95% CI 14 to 16) for venous wounds, 56 (95% CI 53 to 58) for arterial, 168 (95% CI 164 to 173) for diabetic and 183 (95% CI 179 to 188) for pressure wounds. The CIR of any chronic wound was 296 (95% CI 291 to 301). ASRs were greatest in patients aged ≥80: 92 (95% CI 74 to 112) for venous, 478 (95% CI 436 to 522) for arterial, 1791 (95% CI 1710 to 1876) for diabetic, 3647 (95% CI 3530 to 3766) for pressure and 4277 (95% CI 4151 to 4407) for any wound. Compared with the Chinese, Indians had thrice the ASRs of venous and arterial wounds and double the ASR of diabetic wounds. Malays had double the ASRs of arterial and diabetic wounds.

          Conclusions

          Chronic wounds are common in the elderly with significant ethnic disparities in this Asian cohort. With the incidence expected to rise with ageing populations, it is crucial to address health disparities and evaluate utilisation and cost to inform clinical practice and health policy.

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          Most cited references20

          • Record: found
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          • Article: not found

          Prevalence of chronic wounds in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

          Chronic wounds are a major public health challenge, but little is known about the true burden with studies reporting different estimates because of disparities in study designs and measurement methods. This hampers efficient resource allocation, planning, and improvement of wound care.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Epidemiology of chronic wounds in Germany: Analysis of statutory health insurance data.

            Epidemiologic analyses in routine care of chronic wounds are scarce, and published studies show wide variations. This study analyzes the population-based prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds in Germany. Secondary analyses of data from a German statutory health insurance with about 9 million insured persons were examined (2010 to 2012). Internal diagnostic validations were used to control for different inclusion criteria. In 2012, 1.04% (95% CI 1.03-1.05) of insured patients had a wound diagnosis, including 0.70% with leg ulcers and 0.27% with diabetic ulcers. Wound treatment was received by 0.43% (0.43-0.44) of patients. Prevalence and incidence increased over 3 years. Extrapolated to the German population, there were 786,407 prevalent and 196,602 incident chronic wounds, including 326,334/172,026 patients who underwent wound-relevant treatment in 2012. There is an annually increasing frequency of chronic wounds in Germany. Chronic wound epidemiology is sensitive to wound treatment as a filter criterion.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Clinical and economic burden of wound care in the tropics: a 5‐year institutional population health review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Open
                bmjopen
                bmjopen
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                2044-6055
                2020
                25 September 2020
                : 10
                : 9
                : e039411
                Affiliations
                [1 ] departmentPolicy and Research Division , Ministry of Health , Singapore
                [2 ] departmentDepartment of Internal Medicine , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore
                [3 ] departmentSingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme , SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre , Singapore
                [4 ] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, United States
                [5 ] departmentHealth Services & Systems Research , Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore
                [6 ] departmentWound Care Innovation for the Tropics Programme , Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR , Singapore
                [7 ] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore , Singapore
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Dr Orlanda Q Goh; orlanda.goh@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-2703
                Article
                PMC7520842 PMC7520842 7520842 bmjopen-2020-039411
                10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039411
                7520842
                32978205
                62149960-83dc-4040-bbf4-0af97fe68672
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 19 April 2020
                : 07 July 2020
                : 06 August 2020
                Categories
                Dermatology
                1506
                1687
                Original research
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                health services administration & management,wound management,health economics,internal medicine

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