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      Impulsivity in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Gamers: Preliminary Results on Experimental and Self-Report Measures

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games have become the most popular type of video games played worldwide, superseding the playing of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games and First-Person Shooter games. However, empirical studies focusing on the use and abuse of MOBA games are still very limited, particularly regarding impulsivity, which is an indicator of addictive states but has not yet been explored in MOBA games. In this context, the objective of the present study is to explore the associations between impulsivity and symptoms of addictive use of MOBA games in a sample of highly involved League of Legends (LoL, currently the most popular MOBA game) gamers.

          Methods

          Thirty-six LoL gamers were recruited and completed both experimental (Single Key Impulsivity Paradigm) and self-reported impulsivity assessments (s-UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), in addition to an assessment of problematic video game use (Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire).

          Results

          Results showed links between impulsivity-related constructs and signs of excessive MOBA game involvement. Findings indicated that impaired ability to postpone rewards in an experimental laboratory task was strongly related to problematic patterns of MOBA game involvement. Although less consistent, several associations were also found between self-reported impulsivity traits and signs of excessive MOBA game involvement.

          Conclusions

          Despite these results are preliminary and based upon a small (self-selected) sample, the present study highlights potential psychological factors related to the addictive use of MOBA games.

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          Most cited references25

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          Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale

          Jim Patton, Matthew S. Stanford, Ernest Barratt (1995)
          The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
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            An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach.

            Nancy M Petry, Florian Rehbein, Douglas A. Gentile … (2014)
            For the first time, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduces non-substance addictions as psychiatric diagnoses. The aims of this paper are to (i) present the main controversies surrounding the decision to include internet gaming disorder, but not internet addiction more globally, as a non-substance addiction in the research appendix of the DSM-5, and (ii) discuss the meaning behind the DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder. The paper also proposes a common method for assessing internet gaming disorder. Although the need for common diagnostic criteria is not debated, the existence of multiple instruments reflect the divergence of opinions in the field regarding how best to diagnose this condition. We convened international experts from European, North and South American, Asian and Australasian countries to discuss and achieve consensus about assessing internet gaming disorder as defined within DSM-5. We describe the intended meaning behind each of the nine DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder and present a single item that best reflects each criterion, translated into the 10 main languages of countries in which research on this condition has been conducted. Using results from this cross-cultural collaboration, we outline important research directions for understanding and assessing internet gaming disorder. As this field moves forward, it is critical that researchers and clinicians around the world begin to apply a common methodology; this report is the first to achieve an international consensus related to the assessment of internet gaming disorder. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.
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              Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research

              Joël Billieux, Adriano Schimmenti, Yasser Khazaal … (2015)
              Background Behavioral addiction research has been particularly flourishing over the last two decades. However, recent publications have suggested that nearly all daily life activities might lead to a genuine addiction. Methods and aim In this article, we discuss how the use of atheoretical and confirmatory research approaches may result in the identification of an unlimited list of “new” behavioral addictions. Results Both methodological and theoretical shortcomings of these studies were discussed. Conclusions We suggested that studies overpathologizing daily life activities are likely to prompt a dismissive appraisal of behavioral addiction research. Consequently, we proposed several roadmaps for future research in the field, centrally highlighting the need for longer tenable behavioral addiction research that shifts from a mere criteria-based approach toward an approach focusing on the psychological processes involved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 309 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Behav Addict
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Behav Addict
                Journal ID (pmc): jba
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JBA
                Title: Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-5871
                ISSN (Electronic): 2063-5303
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 09 May 2016
                Publication date (Print, pub): 01 June 2016
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 351-356
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain , Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
                [2 ]International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Division, Nottingham Trent University , Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BY, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Joël Billieux; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 10, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium; Phone: +32 10 47 46 38; Fax: +32 10 47 48 34; E-mail: Joel.Billieux@ 123456uclouvain.be
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.028
                PMC ID: 5387787
                PubMed ID: 27156376
                SO-VID: f946bca2-2183-45f7-bb36-a009ecb387d3
                Copyright © © 2016 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 24 December 2015
                Date accepted : 08 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 6
                Funding
                Funding sources: JB has received funding from the European Commission for Research on the problematic usage of information and communication technology (Tech Use Disorders; Grant ID: FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF-627999). PM (research associate) is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium). MDG has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for youth, social responsibility in gambling, and gambling treatment from the Responsibility in Gambling Trust, a charitable body who funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. No conflict of interest exists for DJK.
                Categories
                Subject: Brief Report

                Keywords: internet gaming disorder,internet addiction,multiplayer online battle arena,videogame addiction,impulsivity,delay discounting
                Data availability:
                Keywords: internet gaming disorder, internet addiction, multiplayer online battle arena, videogame addiction, impulsivity, delay discounting

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