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The article discusses feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), an important disease frequently seen in veterinary practice. FIP causes many problems to the veterinarian as it can be difficult to definitively diagnose the disease, as there is no effective treatment, and as prophylactic interventions are not very successful. Although intense research has created a lot of new knowledge about this disease in the last years, there are still many unanswered questions. The objective of this article is to review recent knowledge and to increase understanding of the complex pathogenesis of FIP.

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The biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.

V ter Meulen, S Siddell, H Wege (1981)

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The Molecular Genetics of Feline Coronaviruses: Comparative Sequence Analysis of the ORF7a/7b Transcription Unit of Different Biotypes

Arnold A.P.M. Herrewegh, Harry Vennema, Marian C Horzinek … (1995)

Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) have been subdivided into feline enteric coronaviruses (FECVs) and feline infectious peritonitis viruses (FIPVs) on the basis of pathogenic properties. Serologically, a distinction has been made between type I and II FCoVs, the latter of which more closely resemble canine coronavirus (CCV). To gain more insight into the genetic relationships between different FCoV biotypes, we determined the nucleotide sequences of the ORF7a/7b transcription unit of nine strains. The following observations were made: (i) The sequences are 87-100% identical. In this part of the genome, type I and II FCoVs are more closely related to each other than to CCV. To explain the genetic and antigenic differences between the spike genes of type I and II FCoVs, we postulate that type II FCoVs have arisen by an RNA recombination event between a type I FCoV and CCV. (ii) The avirulent "FECV" strains UCD and 79-1683 are more similar to virulent "FIPV" strains than to each other. Our findings thus support the notion that FECV and FIPV are not different species but merely virulence variants. (iii) In contrast to FECV 79-1683, FECV UCD contains an intact ORF7b, indicating that ORF7b deletions are not a universal distinguishing property of FECVs. (iv) ORF7b deletions readily occur in vitro, correlating with loss of virulence. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, we show that in naturally occurring FCoVs ORF7b is maintained Thus, ORF7b seems to provide a distinct selective advantage during natural infection.

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Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus.

William Foley, Eric Carlson, Lisbeth N Pedersen … (1997)

To determine what risk factors, other than genetic predisposition, contribute to the incidence of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters. Cats from 7 catteries and a shelter were observed monthly for 1 year. At each visit, cats were examined, fecal samples were collected for determination of feline coronavirus shedding, and blood samples were collected for determination of coronavirus antibody titers. Diagnostic tests were performed on all cats that died of FIP. 275 purebred or random-bred cats that were kept by private breeder-owners in homes. 24 cats died of FIP during the study. Development of FIP was not associated with cattery, mean cat number, mean age, sex, cattery median coronavirus antibody titer, husbandry and quarantine practices, caging and breeding practices, or prevalence of concurrent diseases. However, risk factors for FIP included individual cat age individual cat coronavirus titer, overall frequency of fecal coronarvirus shedding, and the proportion of cats in the cattery that were chronic coronavirus shedders. Deaths from FIP were more frequent in fall and winter, and on the basis of analysis of cattery records, the number of deaths varied yearly. Epidemics (> 10% mortality rate) were reported at least once in 5 years in 4 catteries. Elimination of FIP from a cattery is only possible by total elimination of endemic feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) infection. The most important procedure to reduce FECV from catteries is elimination of chronic FECV shedders.

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PubMed ID:: 15627627

DOI:: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.10.011

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Animals,Antiviral Agents,therapeutic use,Cats,Decision Trees,Feline Infectious Peritonitis,diagnosis,prevention & control,Viral Vaccines

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Animals, Antiviral Agents, therapeutic use, Cats, Decision Trees, Feline Infectious Peritonitis, diagnosis, prevention & control, Viral Vaccines

Feline infectious peritonitis.

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Most cited references 146

The biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses.

The Molecular Genetics of Feline Coronaviruses: Comparative Sequence Analysis of the ORF7a/7b Transcription Unit of Different Biotypes

Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus.

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