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      Effect of alumina particles on structural changes in MoS 2 during a ball milling process

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          Abstract

          Simple, economic, and scalable production of 2D molybdenite (MoS 2) nanosheets is necessary for practical applications, as in next generation anodes for Li-ion batteries. One currently developing route for production of MoS 2 nanosheets is exfoliation of bulk molybdenite using a ball milling technique. In this research, the morphological evolution of molybdenite in the milling process of MoS 2 and MoS 2–Al 2O 3 systems is studied. Structural changes in molybdenite were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that when MoS 2 was milled alone, 2D nanosheets, nanobars, and nanotubes were formed in the first step of the process and then structural destruction occurred when milling was prolonged. However, when alumina was included, destruction initiated from the beginning of the milling process leading to a highly activated structure.

          Most cited references22

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          Two Dimensional Atomic Crystals

          D Jiang, K. S. Novoselov, T. Booth … (2005)
          We report free-standing atomic crystals that are strictly 2D and can be viewed as individual atomic planes pulled out of bulk crystals or as unrolled single-wall nanotubes. By using micromechanical cleavage, we have prepared and studied a variety of 2D crystals, including single layers of boron nitride, graphite, several dichalcogenides and complex oxides. These atomically-thin sheets (essentially gigantic 2D molecules unprotected from the immediate environment) are stable under ambient conditions, exhibit high crystal quality and are continuous on a macroscopic scale.
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            Stretching and breaking of ultrathin MoS2.

            Simone Bertolazzi, Jacopo Brivio, Andras Kis (2011)
            We report on measurements of the stiffness and breaking strength of monolayer MoS(2), a new semiconducting analogue of graphene. Single and bilayer MoS(2) is exfoliated from bulk and transferred to a substrate containing an array of microfabricated circular holes. The resulting suspended, free-standing membranes are deformed and eventually broken using an atomic force microscope. We find that the in-plane stiffness of monolayer MoS(2) is 180 ± 60 Nm(-1), corresponding to an effective Young's modulus of 270 ± 100 GPa, which is comparable to that of steel. Breaking occurs at an effective strain between 6 and 11% with the average breaking strength of 15 ± 3 Nm(-1) (23 GPa). The strength of strongest monolayer membranes is 11% of its Young's modulus, corresponding to the upper theoretical limit which indicates that the material can be highly crystalline and almost defect-free. Our results show that monolayer MoS(2) could be suitable for a variety of applications such as reinforcing elements in composites and for fabrication of flexible electronic devices.
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              A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene

              Zhigang Shen, Min Yi (2015)
              This review discusses the available routes for the large-scale production of graphene in terms of the exfoliation of graphite. Mass production and commercial availability are prerequisites for the viability and wide application of graphene. The exfoliation of graphite to give graphene is one of the most promising ways to achieve large-scale production at an extremely low cost. This review focuses on discussing different exfoliation techniques based on a common mechanical mechanism; because a deep understanding of the exfoliation mechanism can provide fruitful information on how to efficiently achieve high-quality graphene by optimizing exfoliation techniques. We highlight the recent progress on mechanical exfoliation for graphene production during the last decade. The emphasis is set on the widely used sonication method with the latest insight into sonication-induced defects, the newly explored ball milling method, the fluid dynamics method that has emerged in the last three years, and the innovative supercritical fluid method. We also give an outlook on how to achieve high-quality graphene efficiently using mechanical exfoliation techniques. We hope this review will point towards a rational direction for the scalable production of graphene.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijmr
                Title: International Journal of Materials Research
                Publisher: Carl Hanser Verlag
                ISSN (Print): 1862-5282
                ISSN (Electronic): 2195-8556
                Publication date (Print): 13 March 2018
                Volume: 109
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 250-256
                Affiliations
                a Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence address, Professor Jalil Vahdati Khaki, Department of Materials Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, P.O. Box 9177-948974, Iran, Tel.: +989155061108, Fax: +985118763305, E-mail: vahdati@ 123456um.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: MK111599
                DOI: 10.3139/146.111599
                SO-VID: 6adfb2d7-4768-4ee7-a1ad-7d2479c7347c
                Copyright © © 2018, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
                History
                Date received : 2 July 2017
                Date accepted : 23 October 2017
                Date: 30 January 2018
                Page count
                References: 28, Pages: 7
                Categories
                Subject: Original Contributions

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials technology,Materials characterization,Materials science
                Keywords: Structural changes,Nanotube,Exfoliation,Ball milling,Nanosheet
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Materials technology, Materials characterization, Materials science
                Keywords: Structural changes, Nanotube, Exfoliation, Ball milling, Nanosheet

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