Animal Personas: Representing Dog Stakeholders in Interaction Design

This paper describes the development and evaluation of animal personas for use in the design and development of interactive product. Building from 196 dog owner reports describing dog behaviours and explaining how they interact with digital media devices, six dog personas are created as examples of both how these can be presented but also of how they can be derived. The created personas are then evaluated by experts in terms of their value to the Animal Computer Interaction Community. These experts reported that the personas were useful commenting on their use across ACI. The contributions of this paper are the datastore used to generate the personas, the method used and the persona set.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas

Janet C Read

Matthew Horton

Conference

Publication date: July 2017

Publication date (Print): July 2017

Pages: 1-12

Affiliations

[0001]University of Central Lancashire

Preston, PR1 2HE

Article

DOI: 10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.37

SO-VID: 145a5b1e-817b-4dd3-9629-d28df38318d4

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conference name: Proceedings of the 31st International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference (HCI 2017)

Conference acronym: HCI

Conference number: 31

Conference location: Sunderland, UK

Conference date: 3 - 6 July 2017

Conference sponsor: Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)

Conference theme: digital make-believe, with delegates considering our expansive

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1477-9358 BCS Learning & Development

Self URI (article page): https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.37

Self URI (journal page): https://ewic.bcs.org/

References

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F. AsplingO. JuhlinE. Chiodo 2015 Smelling, pulling, and looking: unpacking similarities and differences in dog and human city life. In: Proceedings of ACE’15
ATLAS 2017 Designing Technology for Dogs: A Workshop to Empower your Pooch. Available at: atlas.colorado.edu/events/dog-tech/ Last accessed 14.05.17
S. Blomkvist 2002 The User as a personality. In Using Personas as a tool for design Position paper for the course workshop “Theoretical perspectives in Human-Computer Interaction”at IPLab KTH
C-BARQ 2016 Canine Behavioural & Research Questionnaire. Avaliable at: http://veapps.vet.upenn.edu/cbarq/ Last accessed 08.01.17
C.N. ChapmanE. LoveR.P. MilhamP. ElRifJ.L. Alford 2008 Quantitative evaluation of personas as information In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting SAGE Publications 1107 1111
A. Cooper 1999 The inmates are running the asylum Indianapolis, IA: SAMS/Macmillan
J. P. DjajadiningratW. W. GaverJ. W. Frens 2000 Interaction relabeling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '02): Processes, practices, methods, and techniques, New York City, NY, US. 66 71
DogTV 2016 DogTV Home. [online] Available at: http://dogtv.com/
DPQ 2016 Dog Personality Questionnaire. Avaliable at: http://gosling.psy.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DPQ-forms-and-scoring-keys.pdf Last accessed 08.01.17
S. FailyI. Flechais 2011 Persona cases: a technique for grounding personas In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 2267 2270
J.K. FrawleyL.E. Dyson 2014 Animal personas: acknowledging non-human stakeholders in designing for sustainable food systems In Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: The Future of Design ACM 21 30
E. Freydenson 2002 Bringing your personas to life in real life Boxes and Arrows
T. GrossJ. GulliksenP. KotzéL. OestreicherP. PalanqueR.O. PratesM. Winckler 2009 Human-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2009 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Uppsala, Sweden. Springer 525
J GrudinJ. Pruitt 2002 Personas, participatory design and product development: An infrastructure for engagement InPDC 144 152
D.J. Haraway 2008 When species meet 224 U of Minnesota Press
I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. ReadO. JuhlinH. VäätäjäP. PonsS.O. Hvasshovd 2016 Where HCI meets ACI In Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction ACM 136
I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ. C. ReadB. C. Cassidy 2016 A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs’ interactions with media on TV screens International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
I Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. Read 2014 Who is really in the center of Dog Computer Interaction? Advance Computer Entertain ment (ACE)’14. ACM. Madeira
I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. Read 2013 Animal Computer Interaction Design ACM-W. Manchester
Joan 2016 Muttlows Hierarchy of Needs.: The Inquisitive Canine. Available at: http://inquisitivecanine.com/fido-fundamentals/muttlows-hierarchy-of-needs/
L. Nielsen 2016 Personas The Encyclopaedia of Human-Computer Interaction 2nd Edition
C. Mancini 2016 Towards an animal-centered ethics for Animal-Computer Interaction International Journal of Human-Computer Studies SI: ACI
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C. ManciniJ. van der LindenG. KortuemG. DewsburyD. MillsP. Boyden 2014 UbiComp for animal welfare envisioning smart environments for kennelled dogs In: Proceedings of ACM Ubicomp’14 ACM Press
C. ManciniO. JuhlinA.D. CheockJ. van der LindenS. Lawson 2014 Animalcomputer interaction (ACI): pushing boundaries beyond'human' In Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational, ACM, 833 836
C. ManciniR. HarrisB. AengenheisterC. Guest 2015 Re-centering multispecies practices: a canine interface for cancer detection dogs In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM 2673 2682
J.J. McGinnN. Kotamraju 2008 Data-driven persona development In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 1521 1524
L. MarinelliS. AdamelliS. NormandoG. Bono 2007 Quality of life of the pet dog: Influence of owner and dog's characteristics Applied Animal Behaviour Science 108 1 143 156
N. MarsdenM. Haag 2016 Evaluation of GenderMag Personas Based on Persona Attributes and Persona Gender. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Springer International Publishing 122 127
T. MiaskiewiczK.A. Kozar 2011 Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? Design Studies 32 5 417 430
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K. Milton 2005 Anthropomorphism or egomorphism?: The perception of non-human persons by human ones. In J. Knight Animals in Person: Cultural Perspectives on Human-Animal Intimacies Oxford: Berg. 255 271
A. G. Moore 1991 Crossing the chasm Harper Collins Publishers New York
C. MoserV. FuchsbergerM. Tscheligi 2011 Using probes to create child personas for games In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology ACM
C. MoserV. FuchsbergerK. NeureiterW. SellnerM. Tscheligi 2012 Revisiting personas: the making-of for special user groups In CHI'12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 453 468
K. Overall 2013 Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats Mosby
P. PonsJ. JaenA. Catala 2015 Envisioning future playful interactive environments for animals. In: More Playful User Interfaces Springer, Singapore 121 150
J. PruittT. Adlin 2006 The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind Throughout Product Design San Fransisco: Morgan Kaufmann
A. E. Amadei RaccaS. LigoutK. GuoK. MeintsD. Mills 2010 Discrimination of human and dog faces and inversion responses in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) Anim. Cogn. 13 3 525 533
C. RobinsonC. ManciniJ. van der LindenR. Claire and Harris 2014 Empowering assistant dogs: an alarm interface for canine use. IN: ISAWEL’14 Intelligent Systems for Animal Welfare London
J. P. ScottJ. L. Fuller 2012 Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog University of Chicago Press
Second Livestock 2016 Animal - Centered Design. Available at: http://www.secondlivestock.com/public/acd.php
J. Serpell 1995 The domestic dog: its evolution behaviour and interactions with people Cambridge University Press
R. Sinha 2003 Persona development for information-rich domains In CHI'03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems ACM 830 831
J. Spool. 2016 When does a persona stop being a persona? User Interface Engineering. Available at: https://www.uie.com/brainsparks/2011/12/15/when-does-a-persona-stop-being-a-persona/ Last accessed 27.12.2016
R.T.K.C. TanA.D. CheokJ.K.S. The 2006 Metazoa Ludens: mixed reality environment for playing computer games with pets IJVR 5 3 53 58
The Kennel Club 2016a) Breed Registration Figures. Available at: http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/registration/breed-registration-statistics/ Last accessed 02 12 2016
The Kennel Club 2016b) Breed Standards Information: Dog Breeds & groups. Available at: http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/activities/dog-showing/breed-standards/ Last accessed 02 12 2016
J. TopálM. Gácsi 2012 Lessons we should learn from our unique relationship with dogs: an ethological approach Crossing Boundaries: Creating Knowledge about Ourselves with Other Animals 163 188
M. ToryT. Moller 2005 Evaluating visualizations: do expert reviews work? IEEE computer graphics and applications 25 5 8 11
Heli K. VäätäjäEmilia K. Pesonen 2013 Ethical issues and guidelines when conducting HCI studies with animals CHI'13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM
Van den BroekE.L. 2016 Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI): A survey and some suggestions. Animal Computer Interaction Symposium. Measuring Behaviour
A. WeilenmannO. Juhlin 2011 Understanding people and animals: the use of a positioning system in ordinary human-canine interaction In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems ACM 2631 2640
C. ZeaglerJ. ZuerndorferA. LauL. FreilS. GillilandT. StarnerM. M. Jackson 2016 Canine computer interaction: towards designing a touchscreen interface for working dogs In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction (p.2) ACM
J. ZimmermanJ. ForlizziS. Evenson 2007 Research through design as a method for interaction design research in HCI In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems ACM 2007 493 502

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] ACI@BHCI 2015 Animal Computer Interactions at British Human Computer Interaction Workshop

[2] F. AsplingO. JuhlinE. Chiodo 2015 Smelling, pulling, and looking: unpacking similarities and differences in dog and human city life. In: Proceedings of ACE’15

[3] ATLAS 2017 Designing Technology for Dogs: A Workshop to Empower your Pooch. Available at: atlas.colorado.edu/events/dog-tech/ Last accessed 14.05.17

[4] S. Blomkvist 2002 The User as a personality. In Using Personas as a tool for design Position paper for the course workshop “Theoretical perspectives in Human-Computer Interaction”at IPLab KTH

[5] C-BARQ 2016 Canine Behavioural & Research Questionnaire. Avaliable at: http://veapps.vet.upenn.edu/cbarq/ Last accessed 08.01.17

[6] C.N. ChapmanE. LoveR.P. MilhamP. ElRifJ.L. Alford 2008 Quantitative evaluation of personas as information In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting SAGE Publications 1107 1111

[7] A. Cooper 1999 The inmates are running the asylum Indianapolis, IA: SAMS/Macmillan

[8] J. P. DjajadiningratW. W. GaverJ. W. Frens 2000 Interaction relabeling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic. Proceedings of the 2000 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '02): Processes, practices, methods, and techniques, New York City, NY, US. 66 71

[9] DogTV 2016 DogTV Home. [online] Available at: http://dogtv.com/

[10] DPQ 2016 Dog Personality Questionnaire. Avaliable at: http://gosling.psy.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/DPQ-forms-and-scoring-keys.pdf Last accessed 08.01.17

[11] S. FailyI. Flechais 2011 Persona cases: a technique for grounding personas In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 2267 2270

[12] J.K. FrawleyL.E. Dyson 2014 Animal personas: acknowledging non-human stakeholders in designing for sustainable food systems In Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference on Designing Futures: The Future of Design ACM 21 30

[13] E. Freydenson 2002 Bringing your personas to life in real life Boxes and Arrows

[14] T. GrossJ. GulliksenP. KotzéL. OestreicherP. PalanqueR.O. PratesM. Winckler 2009 Human-Computer Interaction-INTERACT 2009 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Uppsala, Sweden. Springer 525

[15] J GrudinJ. Pruitt 2002 Personas, participatory design and product development: An infrastructure for engagement InPDC 144 152

[16] D.J. Haraway 2008 When species meet 224 U of Minnesota Press

[17] I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. ReadO. JuhlinH. VäätäjäP. PonsS.O. Hvasshovd 2016 Where HCI meets ACI In Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction ACM 136

[18] I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ. C. ReadB. C. Cassidy 2016 A dog centred approach to the analysis of dogs’ interactions with media on TV screens International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

[19] I Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. Read 2014 Who is really in the center of Dog Computer Interaction? Advance Computer Entertain ment (ACE)’14. ACM. Madeira

[20] I. Hirskyj-DouglasJ.C. Read 2013 Animal Computer Interaction Design ACM-W. Manchester

[21] Joan 2016 Muttlows Hierarchy of Needs.: The Inquisitive Canine. Available at: http://inquisitivecanine.com/fido-fundamentals/muttlows-hierarchy-of-needs/

[22] L. Nielsen 2016 Personas The Encyclopaedia of Human-Computer Interaction 2nd Edition

[23] C. Mancini 2016 Towards an animal-centered ethics for Animal-Computer Interaction International Journal of Human-Computer Studies SI: ACI

[24] C. Mancini 2011 "Animal-computer interaction: a manifesto." interactions 18 4 69 73

[25] C. ManciniJ. van der LindenG. KortuemG. DewsburyD. MillsP. Boyden 2014 UbiComp for animal welfare envisioning smart environments for kennelled dogs In: Proceedings of ACM Ubicomp’14 ACM Press

[26] C. ManciniO. JuhlinA.D. CheockJ. van der LindenS. Lawson 2014 Animalcomputer interaction (ACI): pushing boundaries beyond'human' In Proceedings of the 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Fun, Fast, Foundational, ACM, 833 836

[27] C. ManciniR. HarrisB. AengenheisterC. Guest 2015 Re-centering multispecies practices: a canine interface for cancer detection dogs In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM 2673 2682

[28] J.J. McGinnN. Kotamraju 2008 Data-driven persona development In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 1521 1524

[29] L. MarinelliS. AdamelliS. NormandoG. Bono 2007 Quality of life of the pet dog: Influence of owner and dog's characteristics Applied Animal Behaviour Science 108 1 143 156

[30] N. MarsdenM. Haag 2016 Evaluation of GenderMag Personas Based on Persona Attributes and Persona Gender. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction Springer International Publishing 122 127

[31] T. MiaskiewiczK.A. Kozar 2011 Personas and user-centered design: How can personas benefit product design processes? Design Studies 32 5 417 430

[32] M. WesterlakenS. Gualeni 2014 "Felino: The philosophical practice of making an interspecies videogame." The Philosophy of Computer Games Conference.

[33] K. Milton 2005 Anthropomorphism or egomorphism?: The perception of non-human persons by human ones. In J. Knight Animals in Person: Cultural Perspectives on Human-Animal Intimacies Oxford: Berg. 255 271

[34] A. G. Moore 1991 Crossing the chasm Harper Collins Publishers New York

[35] C. MoserV. FuchsbergerM. Tscheligi 2011 Using probes to create child personas for games In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology ACM

[36] C. MoserV. FuchsbergerK. NeureiterW. SellnerM. Tscheligi 2012 Revisiting personas: the making-of for special user groups In CHI'12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 453 468

[37] K. Overall 2013 Manual of Clinical Behavioral Medicine for Dogs and Cats Mosby

[38] P. PonsJ. JaenA. Catala 2015 Envisioning future playful interactive environments for animals. In: More Playful User Interfaces Springer, Singapore 121 150

[39] J. PruittT. Adlin 2006 The Persona Lifecycle: Keeping People in Mind Throughout Product Design San Fransisco: Morgan Kaufmann

[40] A. E. Amadei RaccaS. LigoutK. GuoK. MeintsD. Mills 2010 Discrimination of human and dog faces and inversion responses in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) Anim. Cogn. 13 3 525 533

[41] C. RobinsonC. ManciniJ. van der LindenR. Claire and Harris 2014 Empowering assistant dogs: an alarm interface for canine use. IN: ISAWEL’14 Intelligent Systems for Animal Welfare London

[42] J. P. ScottJ. L. Fuller 2012 Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog University of Chicago Press

[43] Second Livestock 2016 Animal - Centered Design. Available at: http://www.secondlivestock.com/public/acd.php

[44] J. Serpell 1995 The domestic dog: its evolution behaviour and interactions with people Cambridge University Press

[45] R. Sinha 2003 Persona development for information-rich domains In CHI'03 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems ACM 830 831

[46] J. Spool. 2016 When does a persona stop being a persona? User Interface Engineering. Available at: https://www.uie.com/brainsparks/2011/12/15/when-does-a-persona-stop-being-a-persona/ Last accessed 27.12.2016

[47] R.T.K.C. TanA.D. CheokJ.K.S. The 2006 Metazoa Ludens: mixed reality environment for playing computer games with pets IJVR 5 3 53 58

[48] The Kennel Club 2016a) Breed Registration Figures. Available at: http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/registration/breed-registration-statistics/ Last accessed 02 12 2016

[49] The Kennel Club 2016b) Breed Standards Information: Dog Breeds & groups. Available at: http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/activities/dog-showing/breed-standards/ Last accessed 02 12 2016

[50] J. TopálM. Gácsi 2012 Lessons we should learn from our unique relationship with dogs: an ethological approach Crossing Boundaries: Creating Knowledge about Ourselves with Other Animals 163 188

[51] M. ToryT. Moller 2005 Evaluating visualizations: do expert reviews work? IEEE computer graphics and applications 25 5 8 11

[52] Heli K. VäätäjäEmilia K. Pesonen 2013 Ethical issues and guidelines when conducting HCI studies with animals CHI'13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM

[53] Van den BroekE.L. 2016 Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI): A survey and some suggestions. Animal Computer Interaction Symposium. Measuring Behaviour

[54] A. WeilenmannO. Juhlin 2011 Understanding people and animals: the use of a positioning system in ordinary human-canine interaction In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems ACM 2631 2640

[55] C. ZeaglerJ. ZuerndorferA. LauL. FreilS. GillilandT. StarnerM. M. Jackson 2016 Canine computer interaction: towards designing a touchscreen interface for working dogs In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction (p.2) ACM

[56] J. ZimmermanJ. ForlizziS. Evenson 2007 Research through design as a method for interaction design research in HCI In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems ACM 2007 493 502

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