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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: comparison of clinical outcomes.

      Kidney & blood pressure research
      Adult, C-Reactive Protein, metabolism, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, therapeutic use, Infection, complications, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Kidney Failure, Chronic, etiology, therapy, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Middle Aged, Peritoneal Dialysis, Renal Dialysis, Retrospective Studies, Serum Albumin, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome

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          Abstract

          This study compared peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) outcomes between female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to lupus nephropathy. 22 female SLE patients undergoing PD were compared with 14 female SLE patients receiving HD. Clinical outcomes and infective complications were reviewed. The overall mortality rate was much higher in the PD group (6/22) than in the HD group (1/14) (p = 0.027). PD patients had higher C-reactive protein level (37.1 +/- 41.4 vs. 6.7 +/- 9.5 mg/l, p = 0.037) and numbers of infectious episode (PD vs. HD: 1 episode per 33.16 patient-months vs. 1 episode per 118.26 patient-months, respectively, p = 0.046). Before the end of the observation period, HD patients had higher serum albumin (3.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.6 g/dl, p = 0.01). In female SLE patients with ESRD due to lupus nephropathy, clinical outcomes are better after undergoing HD than after undergoing PD. Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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          Definition of risk factors for death, end stage renal disease, and thromboembolic events in a monocentric cohort of 338 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

          The survival rate in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has improved dramatically during the past four decades to 96.6% (five year) in the Erlangen cohort, but it is nearly three times as high as in an age and sex matched control population. Reasons for death are mainly cardiovascular diseases (37%) and infections (29%). To find risk factors existing at disease onset for a severe outcome in the Erlangen cohort. By using a database of 338 patients with SLE from a single centre, documented at least one to 15 years and including Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage score data and index (SDI) and an activity score (European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM)), a retrospective search was made for risk factors for a severe outcome like death, end stage renal disease (ESRD), and thromboembolic events (TE) in SLE. For this purpose, multivariable Cox regression models were analysed using the statistical package SPSS 10.0 for Windows. The following were defined as risk factors for death at disease onset: male sex (p 40 at disease onset (p 70 U/l) (p 40 at disease onset. A subgroup of patients in the Erlangen cohort with a typical clinical and serological phenotype at disease onset that is at high risk for a worse outcome was identified. Identification of these white patients at risk at disease onset will enable treatment to be intensified and thereby possibly prevent or better control late stage manifestations.
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            Acute-phase response predicts erythropoietin resistance in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients

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              A high peritoneal large pore fluid flux causes hypoalbuminaemia and is a risk factor for death in peritoneal dialysis patients.

              Hypoalbuminaemia is common in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and has an associated high mortality. An excess morbidity and mortality has previously been found in patients with high peritoneal transport. A high peritoneal large pore fluid flux (Jv(L)) results in increased peritoneal loss of protein that possibly contributes to patient morbidity. Alternatively, hypoalbuminaemia and high transport status could be just a marker of capillary pathology associated with atherosclerotic comorbidity. Peritoneal dialysis capacity computer modelling of peritoneal transport, based on Rippe's three-pore model, was performed to measure Jv(L) in 155 incident PD patients 2-4 weeks after PD initiation. Patient clinical and biochemical status was determined -6, -3, -1, 1 and 6 months after PD initiation, and every 6 months thereafter. Jv(L) was redetermined in prevalent patients 2 and 4 years after PD initiation. Jv(L) was 0.106+/-0.056 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (median 0.094, interquartile range 0.068-0.128). It was correlated to age*** (*P 0.11. There was no difference between the groups in p-albumin prior to PD. Immediately after PD start, differences between the three groups appeared (1 month p-albumin: (micromol/l) group 1, 548+/-83; group 2, 533+/-86; group 3, 497+/-78**), and persisted for up to 6 years. No significant change in Jv(L) was seen at 2 and 4 years. Patients with significant albuminuria also had hypoalbuminaemia ( 2 g/day: 503+/-54 micromol/l). Intermittent PD ameliorated the effect of Jv(L) on albumin losses and clearance. Mortality was increased significantly with raised Jv(L), independently of age (2 year mortality: group 1, 10%, group 3, 32%*). There was no overall effect on technique survival, but hypoalbuminaemic group 3 patients had a higher failure rate. Jv(L) is related to hypoalbuminaemia and mortality after PD initiation. A high Jv(L) seems to be a marker of preexisting vascular pathology, and to cause hypoalbuminaemia after PD initiation. It is suggested that peritoneal albumin loss can have an identical pathogenic effect as urinary albumin loss, by causing an iatrogenic "nephrotic" syndrome.
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