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      Selectivity of Neuromodulatory Projections from the Basal Forebrain and Locus Ceruleus to Primary Sensory Cortices.

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          Abstract

          Acetylcholine and noradrenaline are major neuromodulators that affect sensory processing in the cortex. Modality-specific sensory information is processed in defined areas of the cortex, but it is unclear whether cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus ceruleus (LC) project to and modulate these areas in a sensory modality-selective manner. Here, we mapped BF and LC projections to different sensory cortices of the mouse using dual retrograde tracing. We found that while the innervation of cholinergic neurons into sensory cortices is predominantly modality specific, the projections of noradrenergic neurons diverge onto multiple sensory cortices. Consistent with this anatomy, optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in BF subnuclei induces modality-selective desynchronization in specific sensory cortices, whereas activation of noradrenergic LC neurons induces broad desynchronization throughout multiple sensory cortices. Thus, we demonstrate a clear distinction in the organization and function of cholinergic BF and noradrenergic LC projections into primary sensory cortices: cholinergic BF neurons are highly selective in their projections and modulation of specific sensory cortices, whereas noradrenergic LC neurons broadly innervate and modulate multiple sensory cortices.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Neurosci.
          The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
          Society for Neuroscience
          1529-2401
          0270-6474
          May 11 2016
          : 36
          : 19
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea, and.
          [2 ] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
          [3 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea, and shlee1@kaist.ac.kr.
          Article
          36/19/5314
          10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4333-15.2016
          27170128
          140435cc-c4a1-4c9a-a5e7-c7dc93c70f90
          History

          cholinergic,basal forebrain,locus ceruleus,neuromodulation,noradrenergic,sensory cortex

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