Association between Compound Heterozygous Mutations of SLC34A3 and Hypercalciuria

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Abstract

Background: Mutations in SLC34A3 have been shown to cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). Patients with compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations develop skeletal lesions in addition to hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia and/or elevated 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D] levels. Here, we report a case of hypercalciuria without skeletal lesions in a patient with compound heterozygous mutations of SLC34A3. Case Presentation: A 3-year-old girl presented with microscopic hematuria. Laboratory data revealed elevated 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D levels and serum calcium, reduced serum inorganic phosphorus and hypercalciuria. In addition, the ratio of maximal rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate was reduced. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. These data were consistent with HHRH, but the patient had no clinical features of rickets or any family history of skeletal disease. Genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations of c.175+1 G>A and c.1234 C>T in SLC34A3. Conclusions: This is the report of a patient with compound heterozygous mutations of SLC34A3 and normal skeletal features. Biallelic mutations in SLC34A3 can thus be associated with hypercalciuria not accompanied by rickets. Orally administered inorganic phosphate is predicted to improve symptoms in these patients, hence screening for SLC34A3 mutations should be considered in patients with hypercalciuria of unknown etiology.

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Most cited references 6

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Growth-related renal type II Na/Pi cotransporter.

Mikiko Ito, Sawako Tatsumi, Ichiro Ohkido … (2002)

Growth is critically dependent on the retention of a variety of nutrients. The kidney contributes to this positive external balance. In the present study, we isolated a cDNA from the human and rat kidney that encodes a growth-related Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate (P(i)) cotransporter (type IIc). Microinjection of type IIc cRNA into Xenopus oocytes demonstrated sodium-dependent P(i) cotransport activity. Affinity for P(i) was 0.07 mm in 100 mm Na(+). The transport activity was dependent on extracellular pH. In electrophysiological studies, type IIc Na/P(i) cotransport was electroneutral, whereas type IIa was highly electrogenic. In Northern blotting analysis, the type IIc transcript was only expressed in the kidney and highly in weaning animals. In immunohistochemical analysis, the type IIc protein was shown to be localized at the apical membrane of the proximal tubular cells in superficial and midcortical nephrons of weaning rat kidney. Hybrid depletion experiments suggested that type IIc could function as a Na/P(i) cotransporter in weaning animals, but its role is reduced in adults. The finding of the present study suggest that the type IIc is a growth-related renal Na/P(i) cotransporter, which has a high affinity for P(i) and is electroneutral.

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Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria.

R Gur-Arie, D Modai, A Halabe … (1985)

We studied a new hereditary syndrome of hypophosphatemic rickets and hypercalciuria in six affected members of one kindred. In all patients, the manifestations of disease began in early childhood. The characteristic features are rickets, short stature, increased renal phosphate clearance (the ratio between the maximal tubular reabsorption rate for phosphorus and the glomerular filtration rate [TmP/GFR] is 2 to 4 S.D. below the age-related mean), hypercalciuria (8.6 mg of urinary calcium per kilogram of body weight per 24 hours vs. the upper normal value of 4.0), normal serum calcium levels, increased gastrointestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, an elevated serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (390 +/- 99 pg per milliliter vs. the upper normal value of 110), and suppressed parathyroid function (an immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level of 0.33 +/- 0.1 ng per milliliter and a cyclic AMP level of 1.39 +/- 0.12 nmol per deciliter of glomerular filtrate vs. the lower normal values of 0.3 and 1.5, respectively). Long-term phosphate supplementation as the sole therapy resulted in reversal of all clinical and biochemical abnormalities except the decreased TmP/GFR. We propose that the pivotal defect in this syndrome is a renal phosphate leak resulting in hypophosphatemia with an appropriate elevation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, which causes increased calcium absorption, parathyroid suppression, and hypercalciuria. This syndrome may represent one end of a spectrum of hereditary absorptive hypercalciuria. Our observations support the importance of phosphate as a mediator in controlling 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D production in human beings.

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Intronic deletions in the SLC34A3 gene cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria.

N. Friedman, Erik A Imel, Michael Gertner … (2006)

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is a rare metabolic disorder, characterized by hypophosphatemia and rickets/osteomalacia with increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)(2)D] resulting in hypercalciuria. Our objective was to determine whether mutations in the SLC34A3 gene, which encodes sodium-phosphate cotransporter type IIc, are responsible for the occurrence of HHRH. Mutation analysis of exons and adjacent introns in the SLC34A3 gene was conducted at an academic research laboratory and medical center. Members of two unrelated families with HHRH participated in the study. Two affected siblings in one family were homozygous for a 101-bp deletion in intron 9. Haplotype analysis of the SLC34A3 locus in the family showed that the two deletions are on different haplotypes. An unrelated individual with HHRH was a compound heterozygote for an 85-bp deletion in intron 10 and a G-to-A substitution at the last nucleotide in exon 7. The intron 9 deletion (and likely the other two mutations) identified in this study causes aberrant RNA splicing. Sequence analysis of the deleted regions revealed the presence of direct repeats of homologous sequences. HHRH is caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC34A3 gene. Haplotype analysis suggests that the two intron 9 deletions arose independently. The identification of three independent deletions in introns 9 and 10 suggests that the SLC34A3 gene may be susceptible to unequal crossing over because of sequence misalignment during meiosis.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): HRP

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Horm Res Paediatr

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1663-2818

Title: Hormone Research in Paediatrics

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1663-2818

ISSN (Electronic): 1663-2826

Publication date Subscription-year: 2014

Publication date (Print): July 2014

Publication date (Electronic): 11 June 2014

Volume: 82

Issue: 1

Pages: 65-71

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, ^bDivision of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, and ^cDepartment of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan

Author notes

*Yuki Abe, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital, 463-7 Shumoku, Chuo-ku, Niigata 950-1197 (Japan), E-Mail y-abe@hosp.niigata.niigata.jp

Article

Publisher ID: 360291 Other ID: Horm Res Paediatr 2014;82:65-71

DOI: 10.1159/000360291

PubMed ID: 24924704

SO-VID: 76ebd738-def7-446f-a79a-5aa254cf3654

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History

Date received : 20 November 2013

Date accepted : 03 February 2014

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Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Pages: 7

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Association between Compound Heterozygous Mutations of SLC34A3 and Hypercalciuria

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Karger: Endocrinology

Most cited references 6

Growth-related renal type II Na/Pi cotransporter.

Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria.

Intronic deletions in the SLC34A3 gene cause hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria.

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