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      Shift work, risk factors and cardiovascular disease.

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          Abstract

          The literature on shift work, morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and changes in traditional risk factors is reviewed. Seventeen studies have dealt with shift work and cardiovascular disease risk. On balance, shift workers were found to have a 40% increase in risk. Causal mechanisms of this risk via known cardiovascular risk factors, in relation to circadian rhythms, disturbed sociotemporal patterns, social support, stress, behavior (smoking, diet, alcohol, exercise), and biochemical changes (cholesterol, triglycerides, etc) are discussed. The risk is probably multifactorial, but the literature has focused on the behavior of shift workers and has neglected other possible causal connections. In most studies methodological problems are present; these problems are related to selection bias, exposure classification, outcome classification, and the appropriateness of comparison groups. Suggestions for the direction of future research on this topic are proposed.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Scand J Work Environ Health
          Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health
          Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
          0355-3140
          0355-3140
          Apr 1999
          : 25
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Centre for Working Time Research, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg Regional Hospital, Denmark. hb@aas.nja.dk
          Article
          410
          10.5271/sjweh.410
          10360463
          fda7b03d-f08e-4d26-b1fc-4e5882ea3888
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