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      Clinically inapparent adrenal mass in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis.

      Hormone research
      Adenoma, secretion, surgery, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, metabolism, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Adult, Aldosterone, Colonoscopy, methods, Colorectal Neoplasms, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Intestines, transplantation

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          Abstract

          Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by multiple colorectal adenomas that can progress to carcinoma. FAP can be associated with diverse extracolonic manifestation, including desmoid tumors and adrenal masses. We report our experience with a patient diagnosed of FAP, who developed a desmoid tumor and an adrenal mass in the follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature in which a hypersecretion of aldosterone and cortisol in the adrenal mass of a patient diagnosed of FAP has been demonstrated.

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          Most cited references18

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          Mutations of chromosome 5q21 genes in FAP and colorectal cancer patients.

          Previous studies suggested that one or more genes on chromosome 5q21 are responsible for the inheritance of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Gardner's syndrome (GS), and contribute to tumor development in patients with noninherited forms of colorectal cancer. Two genes on 5q21 that are tightly linked to FAP (MCC and APC) were found to be somatically altered in tumors from sporadic colorectal cancer patients. One of the genes (APC) was also found to be altered by point mutation in the germ line of FAP and GS patients. These data suggest that more than one gene on chromosome 5q21 may contribute to colorectal neoplasia, and that mutations of the APC gene can cause both FAP and GS. The identification of these genes should aid in understanding the pathogenesis of colorectal neoplasia and in the diagnosis and counseling of patients with inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer.
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            The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management.

            Clinically inapparent adrenal masses are incidentally detected after imaging studies conducted for reasons other than the evaluation of the adrenal glands. They have frequently been referred to as adrenal incidentalomas. In preparation for a National Institutes of Health State-of-the-Science Conference on this topic, extensive literature research, including Medline, BIOSIS, and Embase between 1966 and July 2002, as well as references of published metaanalyses and selected review articles identified more than 5400 citations. Based on 699 articles that were retrieved for further examination, we provide a comprehensive update of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches focusing on endocrine and radiological features as well as surgical options. In addition, we present recent developments in the discovery of tumor markers, endocrine testing for subclinical disease including autonomous glucocorticoid hypersecretion and silent pheochromocytoma, novel imaging techniques, and minimally invasive surgery. Based on the statements of the conference, the available literature, and ongoing studies, our aim is to provide practical recommendations for the management of this common entity and to highlight areas for future studies and research.
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              Localization of the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis on chromosome 5.

              Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the United Kingdom and other developed countries in the West. Although it is usually not familial, there is a rare dominantly inherited susceptibility to colon cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; also often previously called familial polyposis coli). During adolescence affected individuals develop from a few hundred to over a thousand adenomatous polyps in their large bowel. These are sufficiently likely to give rise to adenocarcinomas to make prophylactic removal of the colon usual in diagnosed FAP individuals. Adenomas may occur elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract and the condition is often associated with other extracolonic lesions, such as epidermoid cysts, jaw osteomata and fibrous desmoid tumours. Adenomata have been suggested to be precancerous states for most colorectal tumours. Knudson has suggested that the mutation for a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility may be the first step in a recessive change in the tumour cells, and that the same gene may be involved in both familial and non-familial cases of a given tumour. Following up a case report of an interstitial deletion of chromosome 5 in a mentally retarded individual with multiple developmental abnormalities and FAP, we have now shown that the FAP gene is on chromosome 5, most probably near bands 5q21-q22.
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