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      Effects of neighborhood disadvantage on problem gambling and alcohol abuse

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Based on social disorganization theory, the present study examined the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on gambling behaviors and problems as well as on alcohol use and abuse.

          Methods

          Findings were based on a combined sample of two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling and substance use. One survey ( n = 2,631) included adults 18 years and older and the second survey (2,274) included young people aged 14–21 years old.

          Results

          Neighborhood disadvantage had a highly significant effect on problem gambling over and above the significant individual effects of gender, age, race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Alcohol abuse did not show the same relationship to neighborhood disadvantage as did problem gambling. Furthermore, when neighborhood disadvantage was high and individual socioeconomic status was low, the highest levels of problem gambling were observed.

          Conclusions

          This study provides strong evidence for the effects of neighborhood ecology on the occurrence of problem gambling.

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          Most cited references19

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          Neighborhood disadvantage, stress, and drug use among adults.

          This paper explores the relationships among neighborhood disadvantage, stress, and the likelihood of drug use in a sample of adults (N = 1,101). Using the 1995 Detroit Area Study in conjunction with tract-level data from the 1990 census, we find a positive relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and drug use, and this relationship remains statistically significant net of controls for individual-level socioeconomic status. Neighborhood disadvantage is moderately associated with drug related behaviors, indirectly through increased social stressors and higher levels of psychological distress among residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods. A residual effect of neighborhood disadvantage remains, net of a large number of socially relevant controls. Finally, results from interactive models suggest that the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and drug use is most pronounced among individuals with lower incomes.
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            Alcohol and gambling pathology among U.S. adults: prevalence, demographic patterns and comorbidity.

            This study was designed to determine the prevalence and demographic distribution of problem gambling, pathological gambling, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in the United States, and to examine the co-occurrence of gambling pathology and alcohol pathology in the United States. A representative sample (N = 2,638) of U.S. adults age 18 and older was surveyed in the year 2000 using computer-assisted telephone interviewing. Respondents' gambling pathology and alcohol dependence were assessed by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Current pathological gambling had an overall prevalence of 1.3% as measured by the DIS and 1.9% as measured by the SOGS, with a higher prevalence among minorities and lower socioeconomic status (SES) respondents. Current and lifetime alcohol pathology was more common among males and young adults than among females and older adults. Current pathological gambling and alcohol dependence were correlated, and the highest correlation was found among higher SES respondents. The rate of current pathological gambling in the United States is higher than reported in past surveys. Minorities and lower SES Americans have higher than average rates of current pathological gambling. However, when higher SES persons are classified as current pathological gamblers, they are more likely than lower SES persons to be dependent on alcohol.
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              The prevalence of problem gambling among U.S. adolescents and young adults: results from a national survey.

              A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14-21. The prevalence of problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement. The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with the same questionnaire.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2006
                122266
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                JBA
                Akadémiai Kiadó, co-published with Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Formerly Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                1 June 2013
                12 April 2013
                : 2
                : 2
                : 82-89
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, New York, NY, USA
                [ 2 ] Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
                Author notes
                [* ] +1 716-887-2505, +1 716-887-2477, barnes@ 123456ria.buffalo.edu
                Article
                3
                10.1556/JBA.2.2013.004
                6a0d750f-0e0d-46ff-866f-967024ceb4fe
                History
                : 11 December 2012
                : 5 February 2013
                : 8 February 2013
                Categories
                Full-Length Reports

                Evolutionary Biology,Medicine,Psychology,Educational research & Statistics,Social & Behavioral Sciences
                general population,gambling,alcohol,neighborhood disadvantage

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