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      Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China

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          Abstract

          We report three new species of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Qiongthela Xu & Kuntner, 2015 collected from Hainan Island, China based on morphological characters: Q. dongfang sp. nov. (♂♀), Q. nankai sp. nov. (♂♀), Q. yalin sp. nov. (♂♀). We also provide the GenBank accession codes of the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), of the type specimens of all three new species to aid future identification.

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          MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.

          We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates.

            M Beier (1966)
            We describe "universal" DNA primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 710-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) from 11 invertebrate phyla: Echinodermata, Mollusca, Annelida, Pogonophora, Arthropoda, Nemertinea, Echiura, Sipuncula, Platyhelminthes, Tardigrada, and Coelenterata, as well as the putative phylum Vestimentifera. Preliminary comparisons revealed that these COI primers generate informative sequences for phylogenetic analyses at the species and higher taxonomic levels.
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              A genus-level taxonomic review of primitively segmented spiders (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)

              Abstract The spider suborder Mesothelae , containing a single extant family Liphistiidae , represents a species-poor and ancient lineage. These are conspicuous spiders that primitively retain a segmented abdomen and appendage-like spinnerets. While their classification history is nearly devoid of phylogenetic hypotheses, we here revise liphistiid genus level taxonomy based on original sampling throughout their Asian range, and on the evidence from a novel molecular phylogeny. By combining morphological and natural history evidence with phylogenetic relationships in the companion paper, we provide strong support for the monophyly of Liphistiidae , and the two subfamilies Liphistiinae and Heptathelinae . While the former only contains Liphistius Schiödte, 1849, a genus distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, we recognize and diagnose seven heptatheline genera, all but three removed from the synonymy of Heptathela : i) Ganthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Ganthela yundingensis Xu, sp. n. is known from Fujian and Jiangxi, China; ii) a rediagnosed Heptathela Kishida, 1923 is confined to the Japanese islands (Kyushu and Okinawa); iii) Qiongthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Qiongthela baishensis Xu, sp. n. is distributed disjunctly in Hainan, China and Vietnam; iv) Ryuthela Haupt, 1983 is confined to the Ryukyu archipelago (Japan); v) Sinothela Haupt, 2003 inhabits Chinese areas north of Yangtze; vi) Songthela Ono, 2000 inhabits southwest China and northern Vietnam; and vii) Vinathela Ono, 2000 ( Abcathela Ono, 2000, syn. n.; Nanthela Haupt, 2003, syn. n.) is known from southeast China and Vietnam.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2021
                11 January 2021
                : 1009
                : 123-138
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China Hunan Normal University Changsha China
                [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution (CBEE), School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China Hubei University Hubei China
                [3 ] Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Xin Xu ( xuxin@ 123456hunnu.edu.cn ); Daiqin Li ( dbslidq@ 123456nus.edu.sg )

                Academic editor: J. Miller

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8269-7734
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-6622
                Article
                57857
                10.3897/zookeys.1009.57857
                7813806
                4ebaf108-3018-4359-902a-fed499ef4ee3
                Li Yu, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, Daiqin Li, Xin Xu

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 21 August 2020
                : 09 November 2020
                Funding
                the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Singapore Ministry of Education AcRF Tier 1 grant
                Categories
                Research Article
                Liphistiidae
                Taxonomy
                China

                Animal science & Zoology
                dna barcode,morphology,taxonomy,trapdoor spiders
                Animal science & Zoology
                dna barcode, morphology, taxonomy, trapdoor spiders

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