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      Pamidronate therapy for preventing steroid-induced osteoporosis in children with nephropathy.

      1 ,
      Nephron. Clinical practice
      S. Karger AG

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          Abstract

          Steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIO) is a serious complication of long-term steroid therapy and is of particular concern in growing children. Recently bisphosphonates have been applied in the treatment or prevention of SIO. We investigated the efficacy of pamidronate on SIO in childhood nephropathy patients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy.

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          Cyclic administration of pamidronate in children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta.

          Severe osteogenesis imperfecta is a disorder characterized by osteopenia, frequent fractures, progressive deformity, loss of mobility, and chronic bone pain. There is no effective therapy for the disorder. We assessed the effects of treatment with a bisphosphonate on bone resorption. In an uncontrolled observational study involving 30 children who were 3 to 16 years old and had severe osteogenesis imperfecta, we administered pamidronate intravenously (mean [+/-SD] dose, 6.8+/-1.1 mg per kilogram of body weight per year) at 4-to-6-month intervals for 1.3 to 5.0 years. Clinical status, biochemical characteristics reflecting bone turnover, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, and radiologic changes were assessed regularly during treatment. Administration of pamidronate resulted in sustained reductions in serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations and in the urinary excretion of calcium and type I collagen N-telopeptide. There was a mean annualized increase of 41.9+/-29.0 percent in bone mineral density, and the deviation of bone mineral density from normal, as indicated by the z score, improved from -5.3+/-1.2 to -3.4+/-1.5. The cortical width of the metacarpals increased by 27+/-20.2 percent per year. The increases in the size of the vertebral bodies suggested that new bone had formed. The mean incidence of radiologically confirmed fractures decreased by 1.7 per year (P<0.001). Treatment with pamidronate did not alter the rate of fracture healing, the growth rate, or the appearance of the growth plates. Mobility and ambulation improved in 16 children and remained unchanged in the other 14. All the children reported substantial relief of chronic pain and fatigue. In children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta, cyclic administration of intravenous pamidronate improved clinical outcomes, reduced bone resorption, and increased bone density.
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            Molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates.

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              Prevention of bone loss with risedronate in glucocorticoid-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients.

              The aim of the study was to assess risedronate's effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis receiving glucocorticoids. We carried out a two center, 2 year, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial with a third year of nontreatment follow-up. We studied 120 women requiring long-term glucocorticoid therapy at > 2.5 mg/day prednisolone randomized to treatment with daily placebo; daily 2.5 mg risedronate; or cyclical 15 mg risedronate (2 out of 12 weeks). At 97 weeks, bone mineral density was maintained at the lumbar spine (+1.4%) and trochanter (+0.4%) in the daily 2.5 mg risedronate group, while significant bone loss occurred in the placebo group (-1.6%, p = 0.03; and 4.0%, p < 0.005, respectively). At the femoral neck, there was a nonsignificant bone loss in the daily 2.5 mg risedronate group (-1.0%) while in the placebo group bone mass decreased significantly (-3.6%, p < 0.001). The difference between placebo and daily 2.5 mg risedronate groups was significant at the lumbar spine (p = 0.009) and trochanter (p = 0.02) but did not reach statistical significance at the femoral neck. Although not significantly different from placebo at the lumbar spine, the overall effect of the cyclical regimen was similar to that of the daily 2.5 mg risedronate regimen. Treatment withdrawal led to bone loss in the risedronate groups that was significant at the lumbar spine. A similar number of patients experienced adverse events (including upper gastrointestinal events) across treatment groups and risedronate was generally well tolerated. Thus risedronate preserves bone mass in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis receiving glucocorticoids while patients receiving a placebo have significant bone loss.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nephron Clin Pract
                Nephron. Clinical practice
                S. Karger AG
                1660-2110
                1660-2110
                2006
                : 102
                : 3-4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] East-West Kidney Disease Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
                Article
                89664
                10.1159/000089664
                16282699
                299054e1-ff2b-4963-9cab-e391615b6112
                History

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