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      A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype.

      Cell
      Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, analysis, genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Homeobox, Growth Hormone, biosynthesis, HeLa Cells, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Organ Specificity, Phenotype, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, Prolactin, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Transcription Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection

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          Abstract

          Multiple related cis-active elements required for cell-specific activation of the rat prolactin gene appear to bind a pituitary-specific positive transcription factor(s), referred to as Pit-1. DNA complementary to Pit-1 mRNA, cloned on the basis of specific binding to AT-rich cell-specific elements in the rat prolactin and growth hormone genes, encodes a 33 kd protein with significant similarity at its carboxyl terminus to the homeodomains encoded by Drosophila developmental genes. Pit-1 mRNA is expressed exclusively in the anterior pituitary gland in both somatotroph and lactotroph cell types, which produce growth hormone and prolactin, respectively. Pit-1 expression in heterologous cells (HeLa) selectively activates prolactin and growth hormone fusion gene expression, suggesting that Pit-1 is sufficient to confer a characteristic pituitary phenotype. The structure of Pit-1 and its recognition elements suggests that metazoan tissue phenotype is controlled by a family of transcription factors that bind to related cis-active elements and contain several highly conserved domains.

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