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      • Record: found
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      Assessment of relationship between the use of cell phone and social networks and sleep quality in students of medical sciences: A cross-sectional study

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Sleep quality is an essential aspect in human health and function. Considering high prevalence of using smartphones and social networks among students and their impact on sleep quality, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the overuse of cell phone and addiction to social networks and students’ sleep quality.

          Materials and methods

          This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran in 2018. Using cluster sampling, 321 students from different disciplines were selected. Data gathering tools consisted of the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cell phone use and addiction to social networks were assessed using Cell Phone Overuse Scale and a researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and Pearson’s correlation test.

          Results

          The mean total score of sleep quality in students was 6.58 ± 1.05. There was a positive and significant correlation between sleep quality and social networks addiction score ( p < 0.05, r = 0.5) and cell phone overuse ( p < 0.05, r = 0.44); this is an inverse correlation, because higher scores of the total PSQI denote a lower sleep quality and, in Cell Phone Overuse Scale, higher scores shows overuse.

          Conclusions

          According to the findings of this study, there was a significant statistical relationship between the overuse of cell phone and social networks and students’ sleep quality. In other words, students who have had overuse of cell phones had poorer sleep quality. Therefore, providing effective educational programs to improve the sleep quality in this group is essential.

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          Most cited references43

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          Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review.

          Neralie Cain, Michael Gradisar (2010)
          Electronic media have often been considered to have a negative impact on the sleep of children and adolescents, but there are no comprehensive reviews of research in this area. The present study identified 36 papers that have investigated the relationship between sleep and electronic media in school-aged children and adolescents, including television viewing, use of computers, electronic gaming, and/or the internet, mobile telephones, and music. Many variables have been investigated across these studies, although delayed bedtime and shorter total sleep time have been found to be most consistently related to media use. A model of the mechanisms by which media use may affect sleep is presented and discussed as a vehicle for future research. Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            • Record: found
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            Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland

            Severin Haug, Raquel Paz Castro, Min Kwon … (2015)
            Smartphone addiction, its association with smartphone use, and its predictors have not yet been studied in a European sample. This study investigated indicators of smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and their associations with demographic and health behaviour-related variables in young people. A convenience sample of 1,519 students from 127 Swiss vocational school classes participated in a survey assessing demographic and health-related characteristics as well as indicators of smartphone use and addiction. Smartphone addiction was assessed using a short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale for Adolescents (SAS-SV). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate demographic and health-related predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction occurred in 256 (16.9%) of the 1,519 students. Longer duration of smartphone use on a typical day, a shorter time period until first smartphone use in the morning, and reporting that social networking was the most personally relevant smartphone function were associated with smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction was more prevalent in younger adolescents (15–16 years) compared with young adults (19 years and older), students with both parents born outside Switzerland, persons reporting lower physical activity, and those reporting higher stress. Alcohol and tobacco consumption were unrelated to smartphone addiction. Different indicators of smartphone use are associated with smartphone addiction and subgroups of young people have a higher prevalence of smartphone addiction. The study provides the first insights into smartphone use, smartphone addiction, and predictors of smartphone addiction in young people from a European country, which should be extended in further studies.
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              Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness.

              Anne-Marie Chang, Daniel Aeschbach, Jeanne F. Duffy … (2015)
              In the past 50 y, there has been a decline in average sleep duration and quality, with adverse consequences on general health. A representative survey of 1,508 American adults recently revealed that 90% of Americans used some type of electronics at least a few nights per week within 1 h before bedtime. Mounting evidence from countries around the world shows the negative impact of such technology use on sleep. This negative impact on sleep may be due to the short-wavelength-enriched light emitted by these electronic devices, given that artificial-light exposure has been shown experimentally to produce alerting effects, suppress melatonin, and phase-shift the biological clock. A few reports have shown that these devices suppress melatonin levels, but little is known about the effects on circadian phase or the following sleep episode, exposing a substantial gap in our knowledge of how this increasingly popular technology affects sleep. Here we compare the biological effects of reading an electronic book on a light-emitting device (LE-eBook) with reading a printed book in the hours before bedtime. Participants reading an LE-eBook took longer to fall asleep and had reduced evening sleepiness, reduced melatonin secretion, later timing of their circadian clock, and reduced next-morning alertness than when reading a printed book. These results demonstrate that evening exposure to an LE-eBook phase-delays the circadian clock, acutely suppresses melatonin, and has important implications for understanding the impact of such technologies on sleep, performance, health, and safety.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (pmc): imas
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 1646
                Title: Interventional Medicine and Applied Science
                Abbreviated Title: IMAS
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2061-1617
                ISSN (Electronic): 2061-5094
                Publication date (Print): 16 September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 September 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 131-135
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
                [ 2 ]Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan, Iran
                [ 3 ]Health Information Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan, Iran
                [ 4 ]Department of Epidemiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
                [ 5 ]Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Rasool Kawyannejad; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran; Phone: +98 918 9699149; Fax: +98 833 8279697; E-mail: rasol_kavyan@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/1646.10.2018.30
                SO-VID: fafa21ca-dad9-4b92-a8af-2e38b2ce6cc1
                Copyright © © 2019 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                Date received : 28 April 2018
                Date revision received : 08 May 2018
                Date accepted : 18 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 5
                Funding
                Funding sources: All credits of this project (project number: 95313) were funded by Research and Technology Deputy of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine,Immunology,Health & Social care,Microbiology & Virology,Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: addictive,behavior,students,smartphone,social networking,cell phone use
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine, Immunology, Health & Social care, Microbiology & Virology, Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: addictive, behavior, students, smartphone, social networking, cell phone use

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