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      Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study.

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          Abstract

          The degree to which infection with SARS-CoV-2 confers protection towards subsequent reinfection is not well described. In 2020, as part of Denmark's extensive, free-of-charge PCR-testing strategy, approximately 4 million individuals (69% of the population) underwent 10·6 million tests. Using these national PCR-test data from 2020, we estimated protection towards repeat infection with SARS-CoV-2.

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          Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR

          Victor M Corman, Olfert Landt, Marco Kaiser … (2020)
          Background The ongoing outbreak of the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) poses a challenge for public health laboratories as virus isolates are unavailable while there is growing evidence that the outbreak is more widespread than initially thought, and international spread through travellers does already occur. Aim We aimed to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodology for use in public health laboratory settings without having virus material available. Methods Here we present a validated diagnostic workflow for 2019-nCoV, its design relying on close genetic relatedness of 2019-nCoV with SARS coronavirus, making use of synthetic nucleic acid technology. Results The workflow reliably detects 2019-nCoV, and further discriminates 2019-nCoV from SARS-CoV. Through coordination between academic and public laboratories, we confirmed assay exclusivity based on 297 original clinical specimens containing a full spectrum of human respiratory viruses. Control material is made available through European Virus Archive – Global (EVAg), a European Union infrastructure project. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the enormous response capacity achieved through coordination of academic and public laboratories in national and European research networks.
          Article 0 comments Cited 3488 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection

            Jennifer M. Dan, Jose Mateus, Yu Kato … (2021)
            Understanding immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improving diagnostics and vaccines, and for assessing the likely future course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed multiple compartments of circulating immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in 254 samples from 188 COVID-19 cases, including 43 samples at ≥ 6 months post-infection. IgG to the Spike protein was relatively stable over 6+ months. Spike-specific memory B cells were more abundant at 6 months than at 1 month post symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells declined with a half-life of 3-5 months. By studying antibody, memory B cell, CD4+ T cell, and CD8+ T cell memory to SARS-CoV-2 in an integrated manner, we observed that each component of SARS-CoV-2 immune memory exhibited distinct kinetics.
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              Antigen-specific adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in acute COVID-19 and associations with age and disease severity

              Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Eleanor G. Crotty, Long Ping Victor Tse (2021)
              Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all three branches of adaptive immunity at the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in acute and convalescent subjects. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were each associated with milder disease. Coordinated SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses were associated with milder disease, suggesting roles for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity in COVID-19. Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals > 65 years old. Scarcity of naive T cells was also associated with ageing and poor disease outcomes. A parsimonious explanation is that coordinated CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and antibody responses are protective, but uncoordinated responses frequently fail to control disease, with a connection between ageing and impaired adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Lancet
                Title: Lancet (London, England)
                Publisher: Elsevier BV
                ISSN (Electronic): 1474-547X
                ISSN (Print): 0140-6736
                Publication date (Electronic): March 27 2021
                Volume: 397
                Issue: 10280
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
                [2 ] Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden.
                [3 ] Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
                [4 ] Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
                [5 ] Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: set@ssi.dk.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0140-6736(21)00575-4
                DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00575-4
                PMC ID: 7969130
                PubMed ID: 33743221
                SO-VID: 8c2a538b-0107-4f50-a9b6-05f7ca71b7b7
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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