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      A multidisciplinary approach to a unique Palaeolithic human ichnological record from Italy (Bàsura Cave)

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          Abstract

          Based on the integration of laser scans, sedimentology, geochemistry, archeobotany, geometric morphometrics and photogrammetry, here we present evidence testifying that a Palaeolithic group of people explored a deep cave in northern Italy about 14 ky cal. BP. Ichnological data enable us to shed light on individual and group level behavior, social relationship, and mode of exploration of the uneven terrain. Five individuals, two adults, an adolescent and two children, entered the cave barefoot and illuminated the way with a bunch of wooden sticks. Traces of crawling locomotion are documented for the first time in the global human ichnological record. Anatomical details recognizable in the crawling traces show that no clothing was present between limbs and the trampled sediments. Our study demonstrates that very young children (the youngest about three years old) were active members of the Upper Palaeolithic populations, even in apparently dangerous and social activities.

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          A Comparison and Evaluation of Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction Algorithms

          R. Szeliski, J Diebel, S.M. Seitz … (2024)
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            Anthropometric reference data for children and adults: United States, 2007-2010.

            Cheryl D Fryar, Qiuping Gu, Cynthia Ogden (2012)
            Objective-This report presents national anthropometric reference data for all ages of the U.S. population in 2007-2010, adding to results published previously from the years 1960-2006. Methods-Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a complex, stratified, and multistage probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Anthropometry measurements were obtained from 20,015 survey participants. The anthropometric measures included weight, height, recumbent length, circumferences, limb lengths, and skinfold thickness measurements. Results-The tables in this report include weighted population means, standard errors of the means, and selected percentiles of body measurement values. Because measurements varied by sex and age (as well as race and ethnicity in adults), results are reported by these subgroups. Conclusions-These latest NHANES data add to the knowledge about trends in child growth and development and trends in the distribution of body measurements, such as weight and height, in the U.S. population.
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              Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK

              Nick Ashton, Simon G. Lewis, Isabelle De Groote … (2014)
              Investigations at Happisburgh, UK, have revealed the oldest known hominin footprint surface outside Africa at between ca. 1 million and 0.78 million years ago. The site has long been recognised for the preservation of sediments containing Early Pleistocene fauna and flora, but since 2005 has also yielded humanly made flint artefacts, extending the record of human occupation of northern Europe by at least 350,000 years. The sediments consist of sands, gravels and laminated silts laid down by a large river within the upper reaches of its estuary. In May 2013 extensive areas of the laminated sediments were exposed on the foreshore. On the surface of one of the laminated silt horizons a series of hollows was revealed in an area of ca. 12 m2. The surface was recorded using multi-image photogrammetry which showed that the hollows are distinctly elongated and the majority fall within the range of juvenile to adult hominin foot sizes. In many cases the arch and front/back of the foot can be identified and in one case the impression of toes can be seen. Using foot length to stature ratios, the hominins are estimated to have been between ca. 0.93 and 1.73 m in height, suggestive of a group of mixed ages. The orientation of the prints indicates movement in a southerly direction on mud-flats along the river edge. Early Pleistocene human fossils are extremely rare in Europe, with no evidence from the UK. The only known species in western Europe of a similar age is Homo antecessor, whose fossil remains have been found at Atapuerca, Spain. The foot sizes and estimated stature of the hominins from Happisburgh fall within the range derived from the fossil evidence of Homo antecessor.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: eLife
                Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-084X
                Publication date Created: May 14 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): May 14 2019
                Volume: 8
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Evolutionary Studies Institute (ESI), School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
                [2 ]CONICET-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, General Roca, Argentina
                [3 ]Department of Geology and Palaeontology, MUSE, Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
                [4 ]Museo Archeologico del Finale, Savona, Italy
                [5 ]Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
                [6 ]Dipartimento di Antichità, Filosofia e Storia (DAFIST), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
                [7 ]Grotte di Toirano, Toirano, Italy
                [8 ]Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                Article
                DOI: 10.7554/eLife.45204
                SO-VID: 6355d356-e3fc-4dea-bd1b-df881fc494b0
                Copyright © © 2019
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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