14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      From bone biology to bone analysis.

      Hormone research
      Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Bone Density, Bone Development, Bone Remodeling, Bone and Bones, physiology, radiography, ultrasonography, Child, Humans, Tomography, X-Ray Computed

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Bone development is one of the key processes characterizing childhood and adolescence. Understanding this process is not only important for physicians treating pediatric bone disorders, but also for clinicians and researchers dealing with postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis. Bone densitometry has great potential to enhance our understanding of bone development. The usefulness of densitometry in children and adolescents would be increased if the physiological mechanisms and structural features of bone were given more consideration in the design and interpretation of densitometric studies. This review gives an overview on the most relevant techniques of quantitative noninvasive bone analysis. Furthermore it describes the relationship between bone biology, selected surrogates describing the biological processes and the possibilities of measuring these surrogates specifically and precisely by the different devices. The overall recommendation for researchers in this field is to describe firstly the biological process to be analyzed (bone growth in length, remodeling or modeling, or all together), secondly the bone parameter which describes this process, and thirdly the reason for selecting a special device. Copyright 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Related collections

          Most cited references14

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Bone densities and bone size at the distal radius in healthy children and adolescents: a study using peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

          Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) has the ability to improve the diagnostic utility of densitometry in children and adolescents, because bone size and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) can be measured independently. Nevertheless, detailed reference data are lacking. We therefore performed pQCT (XCT-2000 scanner, Stratec, Inc., Pforzheim, Germany) at the distal radius in 371 healthy children, adolescents, and young adults (185 males and 186 females, ages 6-23 years) and in 107 of their parents (19 men and 88 women, ages 29-40 years). Total vBMD, trabecular, and "cortical + subcortical" vBMD as well as cross-sectional area (CSA) were determined at the "4% site" of the distal radius. This location was defined as the site whose distance to the most distal portion of the growth plate or to the radial articular surface corresponded to 4% of the forearm length. In both genders, total vBMD remained stable between 6 and 15 years of age and then increased by 30% in girls and by 46% in boys. Regarding pubertal development, total vBMD remained almost constant throughout pubertal stages 1-4 and thereafter increased in both genders. Trabecular vBMD did not change with age in girls, whereas in boys an increase with age of about 10% was noted after 15 years of age. Males had higher trabecular vBMD than females. This gender difference increased from 6% in prepubertal children to 23% in adults. The variation with age and pubertal stage in "cortical + subcortical" vBMD-cort was similar to that of total vBMD. CSA roughly doubled between 6 and 15 years of age in both genders. In conclusion, the availability of this reference material will provide a basis for the use of pQCT in the assessment of pediatric bone diseases.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Comparison of different models for interpreting bone mineral density measurements using DXA and MRI technology.

            Bone mineral density measurements using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are commonly expressed as areal density (g/cm2). However, areal BMD (BMDareal) is dependent on bone size and this can lead to erroneous interpretations of BMD values. We have previously presented a simple method for calculating apparent volumetric bone mineral density (BMDvol) using ancillary DXA-derived data. In the present study we tested the validity of our model using in vivo volumetric data obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lumbar vertebrae. BMDareal and BMDvol of L3 were measured from sixteen pairs of identical twins (24 men, 8 women), aged 25-69 years. The dimensions of the lumbar vertebra L3 were measured from MR images and BMD values were corrected for these dimensions. The DXA-derived apparent volumetric bone mineral density (BMDvol) correlated moderately with MRI-derived BMDs (r values from 0.665 to 0.822). In contrast to BMDareal, BMDvol and MRI-derived BMDs were not related to body size variables. All these volume-corrected BMDs diminished the erroneous effect of vertebral size on areal BMD. We conclude that the simple DXA-derived BMDvol can be used for normalization of bone mineral density values in subjects of different body sizes, and especially in growing children.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Modeling of cross-sectional bone size, mass and geometry at the proximal radius: a study of normal bone development using peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

              It is becoming increasingly accepted that bone size is an important determinant of bone mass. Studies on the development of bone size may therefore promote a better understanding of the basis of diseases which are due to low bone mass. Here, we characterize the temporal changes in cross-sectional bone size, geometry and mass at the radial diaphysis in healthy subjects from 6 to 40 years of age (n = 469; 273 females). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to measure total and cortical cross-sectional area, bone mineral content (BMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) at the site of the forearm whose distance from the ulnar styloid process corresponded to 65% of forearm length. Over the age range of the study, total cross-sectional area increased by 39 mm2 (50%) in females and by 85 mm2 (116%) in males. Cortical area increased to a similar extent in both sexes. Between 6-7 years and adulthood, BMC increased by 52 mg/mm (111%) in females and by 73 mg/mm (140%) in males and was significantly higher in males after the age of 15 years. Volumetric BMD increased by 246 mg/cm3 (48%) in females but by only 132 mg/cm3 (23%) in males and was significantly higher in women than in men. In summary, these data show that BMC in men is higher than in women, because periosteal modeling continues longer in boys than in girls. Volumetric BMD is higher in women, partly because the size of the marrow cavity does not increase in girls as it does in boys.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Comments

                Comment on this article