Designing a Musical Playground in the Kindergarten

This paper investigates the involvement of preschoolers in the late stages of the design of Child Orchestra, a musical interactive playground for the kindergarten. The study presents a retrospective analysis of the design of Child Orchestra. The system was iteratively prototyped and developed following UCD methods and a design in use approach in a kindergarten over seven months. Two groups of children (N=27) participated in design and evaluation, a group of three-year-olds and a group of four-year-olds. Both groups used Child Orchestra. To evaluate the system, we integrated the analysis of children’s drawings with field observations and interviews with teachers. The design in use approach proved to be successful in eliciting preschoolers’ needs.

Content

Author and article information

Contributors

Cristina Core

Andrea Conci

Antonella De Angeli

Raul Masu

Fabio Morreale

Conference

Publication date: July 2017

Publication date (Print): July 2017

Pages: 1-12

Affiliations

[ ¹ ]University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9 I-38123, Trento - Italy

[ ² ]University of Lincoln

Brayford Pool, LN6 7TS, Lincoln - United Kingdom

[ ³ ]Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS

London - United Kingdom

Article

DOI: 10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.41

SO-VID: c202fd27-9daa-4d35-8724-88ddc739bd3c

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Conference name: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts (EVA 2017)

Conference acronym: EVA

Conference number:

Conference location: London, UK

Conference date: 11 – 13 July 2017

Conference sponsor: Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC)

Conference theme: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts

History

Product

1477-9358 BCS Learning & Development

Self URI (article page): https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14236/ewic/HCI2017.41

Self URI (journal page): https://ewic.bcs.org/

REFERENCES

A.N. AntleM. DroumevaG. Corness 2008 Playing with the sound maker: do embodied metaphors help children learn? Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children Chicago, Illinois 11 13 June 2008 New York, NY, USA ACM 178 185
L.E. Berk 2006 Child Development Boston Pearson/Allyn and Bacon
A. BruckmanA. BandlowA. Forte 2003 HCI for kids J.A. JackoA. Sears The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook Hillsdale, NJ, USA L. Erlbaum Associates Inc 428 440
A. CamurriC. CanepaG. Volpe 2007 Active Listening to a Virtual Orchestra Through an Expressive Gestural Interface: The Orchestra Explorer Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME '07 New York, NY, USA ACM 56 61
S. ChiassonC. Gutwin 2005 Design Principles for Children’s Technology interfaces No. 7
Y. DittrichS. EriksénC. Hansson 2002 PD in the Wild; Evolving Practices of Design in Use Participatory Design Conference Malmö: CPRS (Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility)
A. Druin 2002 The role of children in the design of new technology Behaviour & Information Technology 21 1 1 25
A. Druin 1999 Cooperative Inquiry: Developing New Technologies for Children with Children Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'99 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 15 20 May 1999 New York, NY, USA ACM 592 599
E. Gordon 2003 A Music Learning Theory for Newborn and Young Children. Chicago GIA Publications
M.L. GuhaA. DruinG. ChipmanJ.A. FailsS. SimmsA. Farber 2005 Working with Young Children As Technology Design Partners Communications of the ACMa 48 1 39 42
M.L. GuhaA. DruinG. ChipmanJ.A. FailsS. SimmsA. Farber 2004 Mixing Ideas: A New Technique for Working with Young Children As Design Partners Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Interaction Design and Children: Building a Community, IDC'04 Maryland June 1-3 2004 New York, NY, USA ACM 35 42
E. Hein 2014 Music games in education K. Schrier Learning, Education and Games Pittsburgh, PA, USA ETC Press 93 108
N. IivariM. Kinnula 2016 Inclusive or Inflexible: A Critical Analysis of the School Context in Supporting Children’s Genuine Participation Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI ’16 Gothenburg, Sweden 23-27 October 2016 New York, NY, USA ACM 63:1 63:10
N. IivariM. KinnulaL. Kuure 2015 With best intentions: A Foucauldian examination on children’s genuine participation in ICT design Behaviour & Information Technology 28 2 246 280
Emile Jaques-Dalcroze 1921 Rhythm, Music and Education New York City G. P. Putnam's Sons
S.R. KellyE. MazzoneM. HortonJ.C. Read 2006 Bluebells: A Design Method for Childcentred Product Development Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on HumanComputer Interaction: Changing Roles, NordiCHI ’06. Oslo, Norway 14-18 October 2006 New York, NY, USA ACM 361 368
D. KokotsakiS. Hallam 2007 Higher education music students’ perceptions of the benefits of participative music making Music Education Research 9 1 93 109
M. LandoniE. RubegniE. NicolJ. Read 2016 How Many Roles Can Children Play? Proceedings of the The 15th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC ’16 Manchester, United Kingdom 21-24 June 2016 New York, NY, USA ACM 720 725
A. LargeV. NessetJ. BeheshtiL. Bowler 2006 “Bonded design”: A novel approach to intergenerational information technology design Libr. Inf. Sci. Res 28 64 82
E. LeeT.M. NakraJ. Borchers 2004 You’re the Conductor: A Realistic Interactive Conducting System for Children Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME ’04 Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan 3-5 June 2004 Singapore National University of Singapore 68 73
E.I. MansorA. De AngeliO. De Bruijn 2008 Little fingers on the tabletop: A usability evaluation in the kindergarten 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems Amsterdam, Netherlands 1-3 October 2008 IEEE 93 96
E.I. MansorA. De AngeliO. De Bruijn 2009 The fantasy table Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children Milano, Como, Italy 3-5 June 2009 New York, NY, USA ACM 70 79
P. MarkopoulosM. Bekker 2003 Interaction design and children Interacting with Computers 15 2 141 149
R. MasuA. ConciC. CoreA. De AngeliF. Morreale 2017 Robinflock: a polyphonic algorithmic composer for interactive scenarios with children To appear in 14th Sound and Music Computing Conference Espoo, Finland 5-8 July 2017
T. Molin-JuustilaM. KinnulaN. IivariL. KuureE. Halkola 2015 Multiple voices in ICT design with children- a nexus analytical enquiry Behaviour & Information Technology 34 11 1079 1091
F. MorrealeA. De AngeliR. MasuP. RotaN. Conci 2014 Collaborative creativity: The Music Room Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18 5 1187 1199
F. MorrealeA. De Angeli 2016 Collaborating with an Autonomous Agent to Generate Affective Music Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 14 3 5
F. MorrealeR. MasuA. De Angeli 2013 Robin: an algorithmic composer for interactive scenarios Sound and Music Computing Conference Stockholm, Sweden 30 July-August 2013 Berlin: Logos Verlag 207 212
E. NicolE. Hornecker 2012 Using Children’s Drawings to Elicit Feedback on Interactive Museum Prototypes Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC ’12 Bremen, Germany 12-15 June 2012 New York, NY, USA ACM 276 279
L. NijsM. Leman 2014 Interactive technologies in the instrumental music classroom: a longitudinal study with the Music Paint Machine Computers & Education 73 40 59
L. NijsB. MoensM. LesaffreM. Leman 2012 The Music Paint Machine: Stimulating Selfmonitoring Through the Generation of Creative Visual Output Using a Technology-enhanced Learning Tool Journal of New Music Research 41 1 79 101
F. Pachet 2003 The continuator: Musical interaction with style Journal of New Music Research 32 3 333 341
J. Piaget 1951 Play, dreams and imitation in childhood New York Norton
W. Piston 1948 Harmony New York Norton
R.S. Rajan 2014 Tapping into Technology, Experiencing Music in a Child’s Digital World General Music Today 28 1 8 11
J. ReadPeggy GregoryS. MacFarlaneB. McManusPeter GrayRaj Patel 2002 An investigation of participatory design with children-informant, balanced and facilitated design Proceedings of Interaction Design and Children International Workshop Shaker Publishing
y Rodríguez-QuilesJ.A. GarcíaK. Dogani 2011 Music in schools across Europe: analysis, interpretation and guidelines for music education in the framework of the European Union L. AiriM Marit Music inside and Outside the School Frankfurt am Main 95 122
S. Saarikallio 2009 Emotional self-regulation through music in 3-8-year-old children ESCOM Proceedings of the 7th Triennial Conference of European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music Jyväskylä, Finland 12-16 August 2009
A. Schoenberg 1978 Theory of harmony University of California Press
D.A. SchonV. DeSanctis 1986 The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action The Journal of Continuing Higher Education 34 3 29 30
W.L. Sims 1986 The effect of high versus low teacher affect and passive versus active student activity during music listening on preschool children’s attention, piece preference, time spent listening, and piece recognition Journal of Research in Music Education, 34 3 173 191
C. SyllaP. BrancoC. CoutinhoE. Coquet 2011 TUIs vs. GUIs: comparing the learning potential with preschoolers Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 16 4 421 432
R. Taruskin 2009 Music in the Nineteenth Century: The Oxford History of Western Music Oxford University Press
J.M. Thresher 1964 The Contributions of Carl Orff to Elementary Music Education Music Educators Journal 50 3 43 48
G. WalshE. FossJ. YipA. Druin 2013 FACIT PD: A Framework for Analysis and Creation of Intergenerational Techniques for Participatory Design Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’13 Paris, France April 27 May 02 2013 New York, NY, USA ACM 2893 2902
D. XuJ.C. ReadG. SimB. McManus 2009 Experience It, Draw It, Rate It: Capture Children’s Experiences with Their Drawings Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 09 Como, Italy 3-5 June 2009 New York, NY, USA ACM 266 270

Comments

Comment on this article

[1] A.N. AntleM. DroumevaG. Corness 2008 Playing with the sound maker: do embodied metaphors help children learn? Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children Chicago, Illinois 11 13 June 2008 New York, NY, USA ACM 178 185

[2] L.E. Berk 2006 Child Development Boston Pearson/Allyn and Bacon

[3] A. BruckmanA. BandlowA. Forte 2003 HCI for kids J.A. JackoA. Sears The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook Hillsdale, NJ, USA L. Erlbaum Associates Inc 428 440

[4] A. CamurriC. CanepaG. Volpe 2007 Active Listening to a Virtual Orchestra Through an Expressive Gestural Interface: The Orchestra Explorer Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME '07 New York, NY, USA ACM 56 61

[5] S. ChiassonC. Gutwin 2005 Design Principles for Children’s Technology interfaces No. 7

[6] Y. DittrichS. EriksénC. Hansson 2002 PD in the Wild; Evolving Practices of Design in Use Participatory Design Conference Malmö: CPRS (Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility)

[7] A. Druin 2002 The role of children in the design of new technology Behaviour & Information Technology 21 1 1 25

[8] A. Druin 1999 Cooperative Inquiry: Developing New Technologies for Children with Children Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'99 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 15 20 May 1999 New York, NY, USA ACM 592 599

[9] E. Gordon 2003 A Music Learning Theory for Newborn and Young Children. Chicago GIA Publications

[10] M.L. GuhaA. DruinG. ChipmanJ.A. FailsS. SimmsA. Farber 2005 Working with Young Children As Technology Design Partners Communications of the ACMa 48 1 39 42

[11] M.L. GuhaA. DruinG. ChipmanJ.A. FailsS. SimmsA. Farber 2004 Mixing Ideas: A New Technique for Working with Young Children As Design Partners Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Interaction Design and Children: Building a Community, IDC'04 Maryland June 1-3 2004 New York, NY, USA ACM 35 42

[12] E. Hein 2014 Music games in education K. Schrier Learning, Education and Games Pittsburgh, PA, USA ETC Press 93 108

[13] N. IivariM. Kinnula 2016 Inclusive or Inflexible: A Critical Analysis of the School Context in Supporting Children’s Genuine Participation Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI ’16 Gothenburg, Sweden 23-27 October 2016 New York, NY, USA ACM 63:1 63:10

[14] N. IivariM. KinnulaL. Kuure 2015 With best intentions: A Foucauldian examination on children’s genuine participation in ICT design Behaviour & Information Technology 28 2 246 280

[15] Emile Jaques-Dalcroze 1921 Rhythm, Music and Education New York City G. P. Putnam's Sons

[16] S.R. KellyE. MazzoneM. HortonJ.C. Read 2006 Bluebells: A Design Method for Childcentred Product Development Proceedings of the 4th Nordic Conference on HumanComputer Interaction: Changing Roles, NordiCHI ’06. Oslo, Norway 14-18 October 2006 New York, NY, USA ACM 361 368

[17] D. KokotsakiS. Hallam 2007 Higher education music students’ perceptions of the benefits of participative music making Music Education Research 9 1 93 109

[18] M. LandoniE. RubegniE. NicolJ. Read 2016 How Many Roles Can Children Play? Proceedings of the The 15th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC ’16 Manchester, United Kingdom 21-24 June 2016 New York, NY, USA ACM 720 725

[19] A. LargeV. NessetJ. BeheshtiL. Bowler 2006 “Bonded design”: A novel approach to intergenerational information technology design Libr. Inf. Sci. Res 28 64 82

[20] E. LeeT.M. NakraJ. Borchers 2004 You’re the Conductor: A Realistic Interactive Conducting System for Children Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME ’04 Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan 3-5 June 2004 Singapore National University of Singapore 68 73

[21] E.I. MansorA. De AngeliO. De Bruijn 2008 Little fingers on the tabletop: A usability evaluation in the kindergarten 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human Computer Systems Amsterdam, Netherlands 1-3 October 2008 IEEE 93 96

[22] E.I. MansorA. De AngeliO. De Bruijn 2009 The fantasy table Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children Milano, Como, Italy 3-5 June 2009 New York, NY, USA ACM 70 79

[23] P. MarkopoulosM. Bekker 2003 Interaction design and children Interacting with Computers 15 2 141 149

[24] R. MasuA. ConciC. CoreA. De AngeliF. Morreale 2017 Robinflock: a polyphonic algorithmic composer for interactive scenarios with children To appear in 14th Sound and Music Computing Conference Espoo, Finland 5-8 July 2017

[25] T. Molin-JuustilaM. KinnulaN. IivariL. KuureE. Halkola 2015 Multiple voices in ICT design with children- a nexus analytical enquiry Behaviour & Information Technology 34 11 1079 1091

[26] F. MorrealeA. De AngeliR. MasuP. RotaN. Conci 2014 Collaborative creativity: The Music Room Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 18 5 1187 1199

[27] F. MorrealeA. De Angeli 2016 Collaborating with an Autonomous Agent to Generate Affective Music Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 14 3 5

[28] F. MorrealeR. MasuA. De Angeli 2013 Robin: an algorithmic composer for interactive scenarios Sound and Music Computing Conference Stockholm, Sweden 30 July-August 2013 Berlin: Logos Verlag 207 212

[29] E. NicolE. Hornecker 2012 Using Children’s Drawings to Elicit Feedback on Interactive Museum Prototypes Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC ’12 Bremen, Germany 12-15 June 2012 New York, NY, USA ACM 276 279

[30] L. NijsM. Leman 2014 Interactive technologies in the instrumental music classroom: a longitudinal study with the Music Paint Machine Computers & Education 73 40 59

[31] L. NijsB. MoensM. LesaffreM. Leman 2012 The Music Paint Machine: Stimulating Selfmonitoring Through the Generation of Creative Visual Output Using a Technology-enhanced Learning Tool Journal of New Music Research 41 1 79 101

[32] F. Pachet 2003 The continuator: Musical interaction with style Journal of New Music Research 32 3 333 341

[33] J. Piaget 1951 Play, dreams and imitation in childhood New York Norton

[34] W. Piston 1948 Harmony New York Norton

[35] R.S. Rajan 2014 Tapping into Technology, Experiencing Music in a Child’s Digital World General Music Today 28 1 8 11

[36] J. ReadPeggy GregoryS. MacFarlaneB. McManusPeter GrayRaj Patel 2002 An investigation of participatory design with children-informant, balanced and facilitated design Proceedings of Interaction Design and Children International Workshop Shaker Publishing

[37] y Rodríguez-QuilesJ.A. GarcíaK. Dogani 2011 Music in schools across Europe: analysis, interpretation and guidelines for music education in the framework of the European Union L. AiriM Marit Music inside and Outside the School Frankfurt am Main 95 122

[38] S. Saarikallio 2009 Emotional self-regulation through music in 3-8-year-old children ESCOM Proceedings of the 7th Triennial Conference of European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music Jyväskylä, Finland 12-16 August 2009

[39] A. Schoenberg 1978 Theory of harmony University of California Press

[40] D.A. SchonV. DeSanctis 1986 The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action The Journal of Continuing Higher Education 34 3 29 30

[41] W.L. Sims 1986 The effect of high versus low teacher affect and passive versus active student activity during music listening on preschool children’s attention, piece preference, time spent listening, and piece recognition Journal of Research in Music Education, 34 3 173 191

[42] C. SyllaP. BrancoC. CoutinhoE. Coquet 2011 TUIs vs. GUIs: comparing the learning potential with preschoolers Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 16 4 421 432

[43] R. Taruskin 2009 Music in the Nineteenth Century: The Oxford History of Western Music Oxford University Press

[44] J.M. Thresher 1964 The Contributions of Carl Orff to Elementary Music Education Music Educators Journal 50 3 43 48

[45] G. WalshE. FossJ. YipA. Druin 2013 FACIT PD: A Framework for Analysis and Creation of Intergenerational Techniques for Participatory Design Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI ’13 Paris, France April 27 May 02 2013 New York, NY, USA ACM 2893 2902

[46] D. XuJ.C. ReadG. SimB. McManus 2009 Experience It, Draw It, Rate It: Capture Children’s Experiences with Their Drawings Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC 09 Como, Italy 3-5 June 2009 New York, NY, USA ACM 266 270

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