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      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Ultrapure dialysate reduces plasma levels of beta2-microglobulin and pentosidine in hemodialysis patients.

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          Abstract

          beta2-Microglobulin (beta2MG) and carbonyl stress are reported to contribute to the development of dialysis-related amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the purity of dialysate affects plasma levels of beta2MG and pentosidine (a surrogate marker of carbonyl stress) in hemodialysis patients.

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          A new form of amyloid protein associated with chronic hemodialysis was identified as β2-microglobulin

          F Gejyo, T Yamada, S Odani … (1985)
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            Dialysate related cytokine induction and response to recombinant human erythropoietin in haemodialysis patients.

            H. Schiffl, T Sitter, A. Bergner (2000)
            Chronic inflammatory disorders or infections represent a major cause of hyporesponsiveness to recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo). To test the hypothesis that dialysate-related cytokine induction alters the response to rHuEpo, we conducted a prospective study with matched pairs of chronic haemodialysis patients. We compared the effect of two dialysis fluids, differing in their microbiological quality, on the rHuEpo therapy. Thirty male patients with end-stage renal disease maintained on regular haemodialysis were assigned either to a group treated with conventional (potentially microbiologically contaminated) dialysate (group I) or to a group treated with online-produced ultrapure dialysate (group II). Randomization was stratified according to the maintenance dose of rHuEpo necessary to maintain a target haemoglobin level of 10-10.5 g/dl. Patients were followed for 12 months. Kt/V was calculated by the formula of Daugirdas. Haemoglobin levels were measured weekly and serum ferritin concentrations were determined at 6-week intervals. C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by an ELISA at the start of the study and after 3, 6 and 12 months. In group I, continuous use of bicarbonate dialysate did not change the rHuEpo dosage given to achieve the target haemoglobin level and was associated with elevated surrogate markers (CRP, IL-6) of cytokine-induced inflammation. The switch from conventional to online-produced ultrapure dialysate in group II resulted in a lower bacterial contamination with a significant decrease of CRP and IL-6 blood levels. It was accompanied by a significant and sustained reduction of the rHuEpo dosage, which was required to correct the anaemia. Using multiple regression analysis, IL-6 levels are shown to have a strong predictive value for rHuEpo dosage in both groups. Our data demonstrate that dialysate-related factors such as low bacterial contamination can induce the activation of monocytes, resulting in elevated serum levels of IL-6. Dialysate-related cytokine induction might diminish erythropoiesis. The use of pyrogen free ultrapure dialysate resulted in a better response to rHuEpo. Not only would it save money, but it would also help to maintain an optimal haemoglobin level without further increase in rHuEpo dosage.
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              Switch from conventional to high-flux membrane reduces the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome and mortality of hemodialysis patients.

              Yutaka Koda, Shin-Ichi Nishi, Shigeru Miyazaki … (1997)
              The use of a high-flux membrane, which eliminates larger molecular weight solutes with better biocompatibility, has steadily increased since the discovery of beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2m) amyloidosis in 1985. The long-term effects of a dialyzer membrane on morbidity and mortality are not completely understood. To examine the membrane effect as a factor of carpal tunnel syndrome onset and mortality, multivariate Cox regression analysis with time-dependent covariate was conducted on 819 patients from March 1968 to November 1994 at a single center. Two hundred and forty-eight of the patients were either switched from the conventional to high-flux membrane or treated only with a high-flux membrane. Fifty-one patients underwent a CTS operation and 206 died. Membrane status (on high-flux or on conventional) was considered as time-dependent covariate and risk was adjusted for age, gender, type of renal disease and calendar year of dialysis initiation. The relative risk of CTS was reduced to 0.503 (P < 0.05) and mortality 0.613 (P < 0.05) by dialysis on the high-flux membrane, compared to the conventional membrane. Serial measurements of beta 2m indicated significantly lower beta 2m to persist in patients on the high-flux membrane. The high-flux membrane decreased the risk of morbidity and mortality substantially. Larger molecule elimination was shown important not only for preventing beta 2m amyloidosis, but for prolonging survival of dialysis patients as well.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Blood Purif.
                Title: Blood purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN: 0253-5068
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                Publication date (Electronic): 2005
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 4
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwata City Hospital, Iwata, Japan.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: 86554
                DOI: 10.1159/000086554
                PubMed ID: 15980621
                SO-VID: eb063bd0-a155-4b8e-800f-e69cd8b96221
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