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      Effects of a low-fat versus a low-carbohydrate diet on adipocytokines in obese adults.

      Hormone research
      Adiponectin, blood, Adult, Body Mass Index, C-Reactive Protein, analysis, Cytokines, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Female, Humans, Leptin, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, diet therapy, Resistin

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          Abstract

          There are few studies addressing the effect of weight loss on circulating levels of adipocytokines. The aim of our study was to determine whether different diets would have different weight loss effects and to examine the changes in adipocytokine levels. A population of 90 obesity non-diabetic outpatients was analyzed in a prospective way. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: (a) diet I (low-fat diet), and (b) diet II (low-carbohydrate diet). At baseline and after 3 months on the diet, adipocytokines were evaluated. 43 patients were randomized to group I and 47 patients to diet group II. No differences were detected between weight loss in either group (3.3 +/- 0.51 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.6 kg; n.s.). In group I, a significant decrease in leptin levels was found. In group II, leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels also decreased. The decrease in leptin levels was lower with diet I than II (16.4 vs. 22.8%; p < 0.05). The serum leptin concentration decreased due to the 3-month intervention with low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets, without changes in other adipocytokines. The decrease in leptin and CRP levels were higher with a low-carbohydrate diet than a low-fat diet. Copyright 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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          Most cited references17

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          Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis. The missing link of adipo-vascular axis.

          Obesity is more linked to vascular disease, including atherosclerosis and restenotic change, after balloon angioplasty. The precise mechanism linking obesity and vascular disease is still unclear. Previously we have demonstrated that the plasma levels of adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone, decreases in obese subjects, and that hypoadiponectinemia is associated to ischemic heart disease. In current the study, we investigated the in vivo role of adiponectin on the neointimal thickening after artery injury using adiponectin-deficient mice and adiponectin-producing adenovirus. Adiponectin-deficient mice showed severe neointimal thickening and increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in mechanically injured arteries. Adenovirus-mediated supplement of adiponectin attenuated neointimal proliferation. In cultured smooth muscle cells, adiponectin attenuated DNA synthesis induced by growth factors including platelet-derived growth factor, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, and EGF and cell proliferation and migration induced by HB-EGF. In cultured endothelial cells, adiponectin attenuated HB-EGF expression stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. The current study suggests an adipo-vascular axis, a direct link between fat and artery. A therapeutic strategy to increase plasma adiponectin should be useful in preventing vascular restenosis after angioplasty.
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            Plasma leptin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS).

            Leptin plays a role in fat metabolism and correlates with insulin resistance and other markers of the metabolic syndrome, independent of total adiposity. Therefore, we hypothesized that raised leptin levels may identify men at increased risk of a coronary event in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Methods and Results- Plasma leptin levels were measured at baseline in 377 men (cases) who subsequently experienced a coronary event and in 783 men (controls) who remained free of an event during the 5-year follow-up period of the study. Controls were matched to cases on the basis of age and smoking history and were representative of the entire WOSCOPS cohort. Leptin levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (5.87+/-2.04 ng/mL versus 5.04+/-2.09 ng/mL, P<0.001). In univariate analysis, for each 1 SD increase in leptin, the relative risk (RR) of an event increased by 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.43; P<0.001). There was minimal change in this RR with correction for body mass index (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45; P=0.006) or with further correction for classic risk factors, including age, lipids, and systolic blood pressure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.42; P=0.03). Leptin correlated with C-reactive protein (r=0.24, P<0.001) and, even with this variable added to the model, leptin retained significance as a predictor of coronary events (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.39; P=0.05) at the expense of C-reactive protein. We show, for the first time, in a large prospective study that leptin is a novel, independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.
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              Measurement of the high-molecular weight form of adiponectin in plasma is useful for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

              The high-molecular weight (HMW) form of adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived insulin-sensitizing hormone, has been reported to be the most active form of this hormone. We investigated whether measurement of plasma HMW adiponectin levels, using our newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for selective measurement of human HMW adiponectin level, may be useful for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. A total of 298 patients admitted for diabetes treatment or coronary angiography served as study subjects. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the HMW ratio (HMWR; ratio of plasma level of HMW adiponectin to that of total adiponectin) and plasma total adiponectin levels were plotted to predict the presence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the HMWR values to predict the presence of insulin resistance was significantly larger than that of plasma total adiponectin level in total subjects (0.713 [95% CI 0.620-0.805] vs. 0.615 [0.522-0.708], P = 0.0160). The AUC for the HMWR values to predict the presence of metabolic syndrome was significantly larger than that for plasma total adiponectin levels in men (0.806 [0.747-0.865] vs. 0.730 [0.660-0.800], P = 0.0025) and in women (0.743 [0.659-0.828] vs. 0.637 [0.532-0.742], P = 0.0458). The HMWR value has better predictive power for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome than plasma total adiponectin level.
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