Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin — Final Report

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<p class="first" id="d4815381e185">New England Journal of Medicine</p>

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Hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols.

R Jensen, Wentai Luo, James F Pankow … (2015)

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A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.

Charlotta Pisinger, Martin Døssing (2014)

To provide a systematic review of the existing literature on health consequences of vaporing of electronic cigarettes (ECs). Search in: PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL. Original publications describing a health-related topic, published before 14 August 2014. PRISMA recommendations were followed. We identified 1101 studies; 271 relevant after screening; 94 eligible. We included 76 studies investigating content of fluid/vapor of ECs, reports on adverse events and human and animal experimental studies. Serious methodological problems were identified. In 34% of the articles the authors had a conflict of interest. Studies found fine/ultrafine particles, harmful metals, carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds, carcinogenic carbonyls (some in high but most in low/trace concentrations), cytotoxicity and changed gene expression. Of special concern are compounds not found in conventional cigarettes, e.g. propylene glycol. Experimental studies found increased airway resistance after short-term exposure. Reports on short-term adverse events were often flawed by selection bias. Due to many methodological problems, severe conflicts of interest, the relatively few and often small studies, the inconsistencies and contradictions in results, and the lack of long-term follow-up no firm conclusions can be drawn on the safety of ECs. However, they can hardly be considered harmless. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils

Pablo Olmedo, Walter Goessler, Stefan Tanda … (2018)

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) generate an aerosol by heating a solution (e-liquid) with a metallic coil. Whether metals are transferred from the coil to the aerosol is unknown. Objective: Our goal was to investigate the transfer of metals from the heating coil to the e-liquid in the e-cigarette tank and the generated aerosol. Methods: We sampled 56 e-cigarette devices from daily e-cigarette users and obtained samples from the refilling dispenser, aerosol, and remaining e-liquid in the tank. Aerosol liquid was collected via deposition of aerosol droplets in a series of conical pipette tips. Metals were reported as mass fractions ( μ g / kg ) in liquids and converted to mass concentrations ( mg / m 3 ) for aerosols. Results: Median metal concentrations ( μ g / kg ) were higher in samples from the aerosol and tank vs. the dispenser (all p < 0.001 ): 16.3 and 31.2 vs. 10.9 for Al; 8.38 and 55.4 vs. < 0.5 for Cr; 68.4 and 233 vs. 2.03 for Ni; 14.8 and 40.2 vs. 0.476 for Pb; and 515 and 426 vs. 13.1 for Zn. Mn, Fe, Cu, Sb, and Sn were detectable in most samples. Cd was detected in 0.0, 30.4, and 55.1% of the dispenser, aerosol, and tank samples respectively. Arsenic was detected in 10.7% of dispenser samples (median 26.7 μ g / kg ) and these concentrations were similar in aerosol and tank samples. Aerosol mass concentrations ( mg / m 3 ) for the detected metals spanned several orders of magnitude and exceeded current health-based limits in close to 50% or more of the samples for Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that e-cigarettes are a potential source of exposure to toxic metals (Cr, Ni, and Pb), and to metals that are toxic when inhaled (Mn and Zn). Markedly higher concentrations in the aerosol and tank samples versus the dispenser demonstrate that coil contact induced e-liquid contamination. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2175

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Journal

Title: New England Journal of Medicine

Abbreviated Title: N Engl J Med

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society

ISSN (Print): 0028-4793

ISSN (Electronic): 1533-4406

Publication date Created: March 05 2020

Publication date (Print): March 05 2020

Volume: 382

Issue: 10

Pages: 903-916

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[1 ]From the Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield (J.E.L., I.G., L.N., M.T.P., L.S.-H.); the Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services (I.G., I.P., A.K., M.W.T., P.P.S.), National Center for Environmental Health (M.L.), the Division of State and Local Readiness, Center for Preparedness and Response (L.N.), the Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (B.H., J.G.S., C.A.M.), and the Office on...

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DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614

SO-VID: 83567f89-69bc-47d0-9f24-65d285800c1d

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Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin — Final Report

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Most cited references 23

Hidden formaldehyde in e-cigarette aerosols.

A systematic review of health effects of electronic cigarettes.

Metal Concentrations in e-Cigarette Liquid and Aerosol Samples: The Contribution of Metallic Coils

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