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      Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review.

      The Journal of Infectious Diseases
      Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibodies, Viral, blood, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Herpes Simplex, epidemiology, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Herpesvirus 2, Human, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Sexual Behavior

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          Abstract

          Information on age- and sex-specific prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 2 and 1 infections is essential to optimize genital herpes control strategies, which increase in importance because accumulating data indicate that HSV-2 infection may increase acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. This review summarizes data from peer-reviewed publications of type-specific HSV seroepidemiologic surveys. HSV-2 prevalence is, in general, highest in Africa and the Americas, lower in western and southern Europe than in northern Europe and North America, and lowest in Asia. HSV-2 and -1 prevalence, overall and by age, varies markedly by country, region within country, and population subgroup. Age-specific HSV-2 prevalence is usually higher in women than men and in populations with higher risk sexual behavior. HSV-2 prevalence has increased in the United States but national data from other countries are unavailable. HSV-1 infection is acquired during childhood and adolescence and is markedly more widespread than HSV-2 infection. Further studies are needed in many geographic areas.

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