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Abstract

There have been huge advances in CT technology since its introduction more than 30 years ago. Modern, multislice CT scanners are fast and produce truly volumetric data, allowing it to be reconstructed in almost any plane. In this article, we explore the impact of these developments on the use of CT in imaging of the renal tract. Whilst it may take the radiologist longer to review and process the increased amount of data that is produced, diagnostic accuracy is unquestionably improved and new and exciting challenges are presented to the radiologist as he learns to manipulate and interpret the data in a way that he has never done before. Copyright 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.

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Multi-detector row CT of the kidneys and urinary tract: techniques and applications in the diagnosis of benign diseases.

Sheila Sheth, Elliot Fishman (2004)

Multi-detector row helical computed tomography (CT) offers considerable advantages in evaluation of the urinary tract. It has the potential to become the single imaging modality used for comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning of most conditions affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, making conventional diagnostic techniques such as intravenous urography and angiography nearly obsolete. This article illustrates important selected applications of multidetector CT in the evaluation of benign conditions of the kidneys and upper urinary tract, including evaluation of the renal arterial and venous anatomy in preparation for surgery, diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and aneurysms, assessment of the renal veins, imaging of inflammatory and infectious renal diseases and evaluation of selected benign pathologic processes of the urinary tract.

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Multi-detector row CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria.

Sandor Joffe, Sabah Servaes, Stephen Okon … (2015)

Hematuria can be well evaluated with a comprehensive contrast material-enhanced multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) protocol that combines unenhanced, nephrographic-phase, and excretory-phase imaging. Unenhanced images are obtained from the kidneys to the bladder and allow optimal detection of renal calculi, a common cause of hematuria. Renal parenchymal abnormalities, particularly masses, are best visualized on nephrographic-phase images, which also provide excellent evaluation of the other abdominal organs. Thin-section delayed images obtained from the kidneys to the bladder demonstrate the urinary tract distended with contrast material and are useful in detecting urothelial disease. Intravenous urography, ultrasonography, CT, retrograde ureterography and pyelography, cystoscopy, and ureteroscopy can all be used to evaluate patients with hematuria. In the past, a combination of several of these examinations was necessary to fully evaluate these patients. Now, however, this CT protocol may permit evaluation of hematuria patients with a single comprehensive examination, although more experience and data are needed to determine its efficacy in this setting. Copyright RSNA, 2003

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Determination of glomerular filtration rate per unit renal volume using computerized tomography: correlation with conventional measures of total and divided renal function.

Y Tsushima, M J Blomley, K Okabe … (2001)

Previous studies suggest that functional computerized tomography (CT) can measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per unit renal volume. We compared this index with conventionally determined GFR measurements. A total of 16 men and 8 women 63.3 +/- 14.9 years old (range 31 to 88) were studied using with contrast enhanced CT. A single slice of kidney was scanned sequentially after bolus injection (0.5 to 1.0 ml. per second(-1)) of 20 ml. iopamidol (300 mg. iodine per ml.(-1)). GFR per volume of kidney was calculated using a Patlak graphical analysis, and this index was multiplied by renal volume on CT to yield global GFR (ml. per minute(-1)). Divided function was also calculated. GFR and divided renal function were calculated in all cases from radioisotope renography with 99m diethylenetetraminepentaacetic acid. In 12 subjects in whom 24-hour urine collection was possible GFR was also calculated from creatinine clearance. A strong correlation was observed between divided renal function, expressed with respect to the right kidney calculated from CT (52.7 +/- 14.8%, range 19.9% to 97.4%) and by radioisotope renography (51.7 +/- 14.6%, range 18.9% to 92.6%, r = 0.97, p <0.0001). A strong correlation (r = 0.92, p <0.0001) was also seen between global GFR determined by CT (80.1 +/- 43.9 ml. per minute(-1), range 38.2 to 197.9) and creatinine clearance (72.4 +/- 47.5, range 14.6 to 168.5), and was stronger than the correlation between the radioisotope and creatinine clearance method (r = 0.67, p = 0.02) in the same patients. Functional CT using nonionic contrast material can measure GFR normalized to renal volume and is an accurate alternative to conventional methods of renal function evaluation.

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PubMed ID:: 16543753

DOI:: 10.1159/000090606

ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Humans,Kidney Diseases,radiography,Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Chemistry

Keywords: Humans, Kidney Diseases, radiography, Tomography, X-Ray Computed

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Applications of computed tomography in renal imaging.

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Abstract

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Karger: Nephrology

Most cited references 6

Multi-detector row CT of the kidneys and urinary tract: techniques and applications in the diagnosis of benign diseases.

Multi-detector row CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria.

Determination of glomerular filtration rate per unit renal volume using computerized tomography: correlation with conventional measures of total and divided renal function.

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