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      Adverse effects of autoclaved diets on the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder in rats

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Autoclaving rodent diets is common in laboratory animals, but autoclaving increases the formation of dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). We studied the effect of autoclaved diet alone or in combination with a diet high in bioavailable phosphorus on biochemistries of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), intestinal gene expression, and oxidative stress.

          Methods:

          Male CKD rats (Cy/+) and normal littermates (NL) were fed 1 of 3 diets: autoclaved 0.7% phosphorus grain-based diet for 28wks (AC); autoclaved diet for 17wks followed by non-autoclaved 0.7% phosphorus casein diet until 28wks (AC+Casein); or non-autoclaved diet for 16wks followed by a non-autoclaved purified diet until 30wks (Non-AC+Casein).

          Results:

          Autoclaved diets contained ~3x higher AGEs and levels varied depending on the location within the autoclave. Rats fed the AC and AC+Casein diets had higher total AGEs and oxidative stress, irrespective of kidney function. Kidney function was more severely compromised in CKD rats fed AC or AC+Casein compared to Non-AC+Casein. There was a disease-by-diet interaction for plasma phosphorus, PTH, and c-terminal FGF23, driven by high values in the CKD rats fed the AC+Casein diet. Compared to Non-AC+Casein, AC and AC+Casein-fed groups had increased expression of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) and intestinal NADPH oxidase DUOX2, independent of kidney function.

          Conclusions:

          Autoclaving rodent diets impacts the progression of CKD and CKD-MBD, highlighting the critical importance of standardizing diets in experiments.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          8109361
          437
          Am J Nephrol
          Am. J. Nephrol.
          American journal of nephrology
          0250-8095
          1421-9670
          20 March 2020
          06 March 2020
          2020
          06 March 2021
          : 51
          : 5
          : 381-389
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
          [2 ]Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
          [3 ]Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
          [4 ]Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
          [5 ]Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
          [6 ]Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
          [7 ]Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
          Author notes

          Author contributions

          AB, SMM, NXC, CV, KMHG, and MA designed the study; AB, SS, KO, CV, carried out the experiments; WC and JU analyzed dietary AGEs; AB analyzed the data; AB and SMM drafted the paper, all authors revised and approved the final version of the manuscript.

          Corresponding Author: Sharon M. Moe, MD, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W Walnut St, R2-202, Indianapolis, IN 46202, smoe@ 123456iu.edu
          Article
          PMC7228841 PMC7228841 7228841 nihpa1573681
          10.1159/000506729
          7228841
          32146472
          8018c9d6-591d-42e9-b782-14bada53c3d8
          History
          Categories
          Article

          chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder,gastrointestinal,oxidative stress,advanced glycation end products,diet

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